How Do Microscopes Magnify Things

A commoon microscope

Microscopes are used to look at things closely or magnify those which are very tiny and see them enlarged many times. The power of a microscope is described with a number followed by the letter "x." For example, if through a microscope you can see something 25 times larger than actual size, then the microscope's magnification power is 25x. Microscopes reveal those things that we are unable to see because of their tiny nature. Microscopes bring these tiny things into light and make them visible. By magnifying things, microscopes scale us deep into the world of cells and atoms.

Invisible Made Visible

A powerful microscope can tune your eyes to see things, for example, if you look at your hands through a microscope you will see germs crawling over them. Because you cannot see a thing, it doesn't mean it is not there. For instance, television and radio broadcasts are consistently going on top of our head literally and unless you have a suitable electronic TV or radio receiver, you cannot understand what is happening.

Significance of Microscope

Science has made it possible to understand that there are so many things going on in a microscopic level, which can make our lives better. It is through microscopes we came to know from scientists that all living things are made of cells. Cells are akin to factories that are working overtime.

Magnifying Things

Microscopes are tubes with lenses at the end, which are glass pieces curved and designed to steer rays of light. Magnifying glass is the simple microscope, which is simply a lone convex lens. A simple microscope can magnify things up to five to 10 times. Compound microscopes use a minimum of two lenses (i.e. objective and ocular lenses) to produce an enlarged image. The objective lens is set above an object while through the ocular lens you see the examined object. Most compound microscopes can magnify from 10 to100 times.

Understanding Magnification

To understand how a microscope magnifies, consider a fly sitting on a table beside you. You cannot see clearly by the naked eye its big, compound eyes that are only a few millimeters across. A microscope magnifies the image to such an extent that your eye can discern the details of the tiny fly eyes and its 6,000 tiny parts, each one a miniature functioning eye. A microscope performs this task with glass lenses through which minute light rays are separated coming from the tiny things and spread apart to appear like they are from a bigger object.

Electron Microscopes

Light is made up of energy particles called photons. These are 200 times thinner than a human hair. But there are smaller things than this. For seeing this light, we need to use electrons which are small negatively charged particles going around inside atoms. Microscopes equipped with electrons to magnify these tiniest of all things are called electron microscopes.

Tags: microscope magnifies, simple microscope, through microscope, tiny things

Build A Diy Light Box

Light boxes are ideal for photographing small objects.

Lighting is one of the most important elements in photography, but the best natural light and complementary backgrounds are not always readily available. When photographing food or objects, you'll achieve the best results with a light box. While these boxes are available to purchase, they're also fairly simple to build at home using common materials.

Instructions

1. Remove the flaps on the top of the box. Leave the bottom of the box intact.

2. Measure and draw a rectangle or square, depending on your box dimensions, with a 2-inch border on each side of the cardboard box using your ruler and marker. Cut out these shapes with the box cutter, leaving your box with a "window" on each of its four sides, each window having a 2-inch "frame" of cardboard around it.

3. Cut enough 2-inch strips of white poster board to cover the inside of the "frames" of the windows you've cut into the box, and glue the strips on the inside frames of the box. When you are done, the inside of the box should be completely white around the windows.

4. Cut the remaining piece of white poster board so that the width matches the width of the box and the length is somewhat longer than that of the box.

5. Place the poster board inside the box, taping it to the top and allowing it to curve gently downward from the top back of the box and ending at the bottom front side. Press gently on the poster board to create the curve, but do not crease or fold the poster board. Trim any excess.

6. Cut the white fabric into four pieces, each slightly wider and longer than the sides of the box. Tape one piece over the top of the box and the remaining three pieces over the back of the box and both sides. Leave the front window open.

7. Set the box outside or near a window on a bright day, or place your light over it if photographing indoors. Place the item you wish to photograph in the box, and snap the picture through the front window of the box.

Tags: poster board, front window, inside frames, longer than, white poster, white poster board

Photography Techniques For A Powershot Series

PowerShot is a line of cameras produced by Canon.

Canon produces a line of compact digital point and shoot cameras it market under the name PowerShot. These cameras range from the very basic entry level model to a more sophisticated model that uses some of the same types of glass and lens coatings that are found on Canon professional grades lenses. Using PowerShot cameras is very similar from model to model.

Panning

Panning is moving the camera to track a moving object passing in front of you. If you use a slow shutter speed, the result is a blurred image, except the subject that should be sharp if you panned correctly. Set the camera to "Tv" for shutter priority, and set the shutter speed at 1/30 to 1/60 of a second. When the moving subject is right in front of you, press the shutter release.

Fill Flash

Fill flash is used when you are shooting a portrait of someone or something outdoors on a bright day. Bright sunlight produces shadows, and using fill flash eliminates those shadows, creating a more evenly lit image. Press the "Flash" button on your PowerShot and select "Flash-fill." You can use this setting in any exposure mode. Hold the camera up to your eye, press the shutter release half way down, and the camera will activate the flash. Press the shutter release the rest of the way to take the picture.

Star Burst

You can turn any point of light into a star burst just by using the lens aperture. Set the exposure mode to "Av" for aperture value and set the lens to its smallest aperture. This is represented by the largest number for aperture which is around f22 to f32. Direct your camera to any point of light, press the shutter release to take the picture, and the light will appear as a star burst. Use a tripod as the shutter speed will be very slow with this technique.

Bokeh

"Bokeh" is the term given to the soft, out-of-focus background you see in some pictures. This technique is effective in portrait photography and is created by the camera aperture setting. With your camera in "Av" mode, set the aperture to its largest opening. This is represented by the smallest number for the aperture which is around f3.5 to f4.5. Hold your PowerShot camera to your eye, and press the shutter release button to take the picture.

Tags: shutter release, press shutter, press shutter release, shutter speed, take picture

Telephoto Lens Tutorial

Telephoto lenses are useful in a variety of different situations, and aren't strictly for wildlife. They are a great tool for any photographer and a must have in your camera bag because of the different situations you can use them in. However, because of their extreme sensitivity to camera motion you must be careful to hold your camera steady and your sharp pictures will thank you.

Definition

Telephoto lenses have a large focal length, ranging usually between 135mm and 300mm, although there are super telephoto lenses which go up to 800mm. The larger the focal length number the closer you can visually get to your subject, especially if it is at a far-off distance. "A longer focal length effectively compresses the distance between the subject and camera," according to Canon. Telephoto lenses are generally a set focal length, whereas telephoto zoom lenses can actually zoom between different lengths, for example a 70mm-200mm lens which can cover anything in between those lengths.

Uses

Telephoto lenses have a wide range of uses from sports, to wildlife, to portraiture. These lenses are especially useful for subjects that you cannot physically get close to, such as a bird that would be frightened away by your presence.

Because telephoto lenses are great for shooting at a distance, they can be beneficial for portraiture, especially when photographing children. Young kids can be shy when having their picture taken, so it's to your advantage to shoot from a distance so you don't disturb their normal behavior and can capture memorable moments. Tele lenses also crop out surrounding distractions and provide a favorable background blur so that they don't detract from the subject

Sharp Pictures

It's important to note that your shutter speed will play a large roll into how sharp your final image is captured, especially if you're trying to hand hold the camera. A good tip is to brace yourself against a tree or wall.

Telephoto lenses are extremely power magnifiers and because of this they are sensitive to camera shake. A good rule of thumb is to use a shutter speed no smaller than the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. For example, if you're telephoto lens is a 200mm, then your shutter speed should be no slower than 1/200 of a second.

Use a tripod whenever possible to ensure that your pictures come out sharp.This will minimize virtually all camera shake and provide a sturdy base for your camera.

Tags: focal length, Telephoto lenses, shutter speed, your camera, camera shake, different situations

Replace Re20 Foam

The Electro-Voice RE20 is a dynamic cardioid microphone that has traditionally been used in professional broadcast recording. But through the 1970s and 1980s, the microphone was widely employed in rock music recording. That's because this versatile microphone can handled a wide range of frequencies. The microphone's design features a large outer case. The microphone's internal components are protected by a foam cover. If this foam becomes damaged, not only would it compromise the sound of your recordings, but it would leave the microphone open to severe moisture damage.

Instructions

1. Unplug the microphone cable from the connector on the bottom side of the microphone and relocate the microphone to a safe work surface.

2. Unscrew the top cover from the rest of the microphone's case and lift the main diaphragm out of its slot inside the microphone. Be gentle and don't remove the diaphragm completely because there are two delicate wires still soldered to it.

3. Grasp the foam cover inside the microphone's case and remove it. Be sure to remove any broken pieces of foam that may remain inside the microphone. Use a can of compressed air to blow out all dust, debris and dirt inside the microphone.

4. Slide the replacement foam cover into the microphone's case. Place the diaphragm component back inside the microphone and replace the top cover.

Tags: inside microphone, foam cover, microphone case

Format A Digital Picture Viewer Keychain

Show off photos with a digital picture viewer keychain.

A digital picture viewer keychain is a great way to display photos for friends, families and clients. A digital frame can hold different numbers of photos, depending on the memory size. Picture keychains work like external hard drives. They hold a specific amount of data and display it on the screen. Two different formats are available: FAT32 and NTFS. Most of these devices come formatted with FAT32, which won't hold images over 4 GB. There is a simple way to reformat the device to NTFS, which stores files of all sizes.

Instructions

Preparing the Device

1. Attach the digital picture viewer keychain to the computer via the USB port.

2. Back up all the files stored on the digital picture viewer keychain. Reformatting the device automatically erases anything stored on it. Save any files you want to keep to a folder on the computer.

3. Erase all files stored on the device. This step makes the formatting process smoother.

Instructions for PC

4. Go to the "Start" menu, right-click "Computer" and click "Manage."

5. Click on "Storage" to manage the storage device. Click on "Disk Management." This will bring up a list of drives that are available on the machine.

6. Right-click on the name of the digital picture viewer keychain. Click "Format" and change the file system to either "FAT32" or "NTFS," whichever you prefer. Click "OK" and the disk will format to the specifications.

Instructions for Mac

7. Go to the Finder and click on "Macintosh HD." Click on "Applications."

8. Scroll to the bottom of the list and choose "Utilities" and "Disk Utility."

9. Click on the name of the digital picture viewer keychain.

10. At the top of the dialog box, click on the button that says "Erase." Change the disk format to "Mac OS Extended Journal" in the pull-down menu. Click on "Erase" at the bottom of the screen.

Tags: digital picture, picture viewer keychain, digital picture viewer, picture viewer, viewer keychain, digital picture viewer

Connect The At2020 To A Mic Stand

You can create studio-quality recordings with an Audio-Technica AT2020 mic.

The Audio-Technica AT2020 is a high-performance microphone designed for home use. If you're an aspiring singer or musician without the means to record in a professional studio, you can use this particular mic to create studio-quality recordings, and it won't hurt your pocketbook in the process. Even better news is that the AT2020 is user-friendly, and the process of attaching it to a mic stand to get it ready for use is fairly straightforward.

Instructions

1. Disconnect any cables from the port in the bottom of the AT2020 microphone and locate the threaded pivot mount sticking out of the side of the bottom of the microphone.

2. Place the pivot mount over the top of the microphone stand. Or, depending on the type of microphone stand you are using, wherever the threaded connector end of the mic stand happens to be.

3. Turn the back of the AT2020 pivot mount clockwise to tighten it onto the microphone stand. Make sure it is tight enough so that the mic is stable and there is no risk of it falling off the stand.

Tags: microphone stand, pivot mount, Audio-Technica AT2020, create studio-quality, create studio-quality recordings

Tools For Making Curved Moldings

Making curved moldings requires years of training.

Curved moldings are important in home and office interior design. The intricate patterns created in curved moldings offer a level of sophistication and beauty that is not attainable with concrete. Making curved moldings requires years of training in order to master the techniques that produce beautiful designs. A special set of tools is required to do the work.

Band Saw

A band saw is motorized equipment that allows woodworkers to make very precise cuts from lumber into rough straight or curved pieces, which serve as the base design for most curved molding jobs. Band saws are useful because they work fast and very efficiently -- allowing one to produce multiple cuts of the same design. The uniform teeth distribution of the saw results in uniform cutting action.

Jigsaw

The jigsaw has a blade design that allows it to cut "arbitrary" curves and special patterns, such as those made with stenciled designs. Other saws cut only in straight lines, which do not really add anything to curved moldings. Jigsaws bend and sway according to the woodworker's command, leaving behind intricate designs that serve as the foundation for artistic curved molding. Jigsaws owe their ability to cut intricate designs to the design of the blades. Thinner blades are employed for very tight curves, but the craftsman has to be careful because thinner blades also result in harder-to-control cuts.

Router (Woodworking)

The router's design allows it to cut grooves and produce edge molding, chamfer designs and even a circular radius edge on the base wood. The router owes its shaping abilities to the router bits, equivalent to the drill bits in most drilling tools. The shape of a mounted router bit determines the shape of the wood being worked on. There are many router designs that you can choose from, depending on the intended resulting profile.

Power Sanders

The power sanding tool gives curved molding its smooth finish. It uses grit disks at the sanding surface; these disks produce the smoothness that is required in the finished curve molding product. The process of sanding begins by using coarser grit disks and progressively moving down to smaller grit sizes to produce the smoothest finish. This is also an important step prior to any painting job to ensure that the layer of paint on the curved molding is uniformly thick.

Tags: curved molding, curved moldings, curved moldings requires, designs that, grit disks, intricate designs, Making curved

Choose A New Home Audio System

Find the perfect home audio system.

The home audio system consists of three basic components, speakers, receiver and DVD/CD player. Ideally, you could spend weeks deciding on the components for a new home audio system. However, time being precious, a relatively organized approach might significantly reduce time spent while resulting in a satisfying choice of a new home audio system.

Instructions

The Speaker System

1. Determine the allotted space and range of the budget to be spent on speakers. Remember, speakers can cost as much as a new SUV and be almost as big.

2. Play your favorite CDs and listen to the most enjoyable selections while switching between speaker systems.

3. Compare the quality of reproduction of all the speakers in the selected price range during the preferred portions of the musical composition and make a selection.

The Receiver

4. Audition receivers in the budgetary price range that include an AM/FM stereo tuner, a pre-amplifier or control center and an amplifier which drives the speakers. Most receivers also include a remote control.

5. Make certain that the amplifier section generates adequate power for all the speakers to be connected to it if played at medium volume simultaneously. The total output wattage per channel should be about 10 percent to 20 percent higher than the manufacturer's recommended power required by the speaker system.

6. Examine the receiver control panel and remote, looking for all the desired sound adjustments and component selection such as CD/DVD, video, tape, phono, etc.

The DVD/CD player

7. Look for convenience features on the models in the budget range including the capability of loading more than one disk at a time, remote control features and capability of playing all kinds of disks, including Blu-ray.

8. Decide whether the selected receiver and DVD/CD player are a reasonably close physical match, if cosmetic appearance is an issue.

9. Play your favorite CDs on the DVD/CD component, powered by the selected receiver, while listening to the speakers of choice.

Tags: home audio, home audio system, audio system, Play your, Play your favorite, price range

Connect Equalizer To A Teac Integrated Amplifier

Connecting an equalizer to a TEAC integrated amplifier will let you customize your stereo sound across a range of settings. This is useful when setting up the stereo system either for the first time or moving the gear to another room with different acoustics. With an equalizer you can adjust bass, midrange and treble settings to maximize the sound reproduction of different types of music. Think of it as sculpting sound to your individual taste.

Instructions

1. Disconnect the amplifier from the power source.

2. Connect a set of RCA audio cables to the TEAC main amplifier output jacks, using the red cable to connect to the right channel and the white or black cable to connect to the left channel.

3. Plug the other ends of these RCA cables into the left and right input jacks on the back of the equalizer.

4. Plug the second set of RCA cables into the equalizer's left and right output jacks.

5. Connect the other ends of the second set of cables to the TEAC amplifier's input jacks.

6. Connect the amplifier to the power source.

Tags: cable connect, cables into, cables TEAC, input jacks, jacks Connect

History Of The Thorens Turntable

The Thorens Turntable is one of the most well-known and widely respected turntables in the history of home audio. In 2008, the company celebrated its 125th year in business. Begun in St. Croix, Switzerland in 1883, Thorens Services Ltd. continues to produce high-end turntables, tonearms, amplifiers, and accessories. Its turntable TD 160 HD was award multiple awards in 2008.

Origins

In St. Croix, Switzerland, Hermann Thorens started a firm that manufactured cigarette lighters, razors and harmonicas. The firm eventually employed 1,200 workers. By the 1920s, the Thorens factory had already begun to manufacture musical reproduction equipment with direct-drive motors. Between 1939 and 1945, Thorens built disc-cutting lathes and introduced a record changer called the CD30.

First Thorens Turntable

The first Thorens turntable, the TD 124, was produced in 1957 and was aimed at the amateur (but wealthy) audio enthusiast. This turntable did not initially feature a tonearm. However, in 1958, Thorens produced the BTD-12 turntable, which came complete with a high-quality arm.

Modified TD 124

In 1966, Thorens improved the original TD 124 by introducing a lighter tonearm, "tweaking" the motor and modifying the speed adjustment and speed change knobs.

Both versions of the TD 124 featured oversized moving parts to enhance stability of the turntable. Both turntables also featured the ability to play 16, 33, 45 and 78 rpm records.

Thorens Record-Changing Turntable

Thorens introduced the more complex TD 224, a record-changing turntable. This turntable had the ability not only to play records one after the other but to actually change them. However, both its weight and price proved to be excessive, and the production of the TD 224 stopped in 1968.

Thorens Moves to Germany

In an attempt to lower production costs and produce less expensive turntables to compete with the Japanese manufacturers, Thorens moved to Germany in 1966.

Thorens merged with Wilhem Franz's company, EMT, and formed Thorens-Franz AG. This new company produced the lighter weight and more affordable TD 150, as well as the 928, which was essentially the 124 with better electronics and a stylus light. However, it proved to be more expensive to build than first thought and was soon dropped.The 928 was the last EMT model produced while Wilhelm Franz was still alive. He died in 1972.

Thorens in the 1980s

In the 1980s, the compact disc nearly eliminated the demand for turntables, and the market for them died. Thorens experienced serious financial trouble, but investors ressurected the company in an attempt to rebuild the name. Thorens Audio Hi-Fi VetriebsGMBH became owned and managed by Herr Helmut Leitner and operated factories in Berlin and Lahr.

Thorens in the 2000s

In December 2002, Thorens attempted to claim bankruptcy in Germany, but the German government denied the filing. Consequently, Thorens decided to return to Switzerland and, in May 2002, the company was restructured with new management. Operating as Thorens Services Ltd., the company continues to distribute its products to more than 50 countries worldwide.

Tags: 1966 Thorens, Croix Switzerland, play records, This turntable, Thorens Services, Thorens Turntable

Connect A Toggle Switch

Toggle switches operate controls on many specialized machinery consoles.

A toggle switch can serve as a simple on/off switch for one device, or it can switch back and forth between two devices. Some toggle switches have a center stop position to use as an off position with no power going to either of two connected circuits. Other toggle switches have only two positions total, which leaves users a choice of activating one device, or switching between two. How a technician chooses to wire toggle switches determines how many appliances they will control.

Instructions

1. Shut off or disconnect the power supply and strip 1/4 inch of the insulation off the power supply wire with wire strippers. Strip the end of the hot wire from the device that will connect to the switch also.

2. Connect the power supply wire to one of the outside terminals. Wire toggle switches by whatever means the terminals require. Connect the wire by soldering the wire to the lug with a soldering iron, by crimping a quick connect terminal connector onto the wire and plugging it on over the lug, by wrapping it around a screw terminal and tightening the screw or by depressing the spring clamp terminal with a pen and pushing the bare wire into the clamp.

3. Connect the hot wire from the device to the center terminal on the toggle switch. Use the appropriate connection method for the terminal.

4. Turn on the power supply and flip the toggle switch to one side to connect the power to the device, and flip it to the opposite side to shut off power to the device. This works as an on/off switch for one device.

5. Connect two devices to a toggle switch. With the power off, place the incoming power supply wire on the center terminal and connect it as necessary. Connect the power wire from one device to one of the outside terminals, and the power wire from another device to the other outside terminal. The switch will turn on one device when flipped to one side and the other when turned to the opposite side. Both devices will be turned off when flipped to the center if the switch has three positions.

Tags: power supply, wire from, from device, power supply wire, supply wire

Troubleshoot A Pentax

While Nikon and Canon dominate the digital camera market, Pentax cameras and lenses enjoy a cult-like following. Pentax is famous for making cameras that are compatible with all Pentax lenses regardless of when they were manufactured. Pentax uses a shake reduction technology in its camera bodies rather than in the individual lenses. In the event of a problem with a Pentax camera, detailed troubleshooting information is included in most Pentax manuals. Battery problems and adjustments in shake reduction are among the most common and easy to resolve.

Instructions

Camera Does Not Turn On

1. Ensure that the batteries are inserted in the camera.

2. Verify the orientation of the batteries inserted in the camera.

3. Check that the batteries have sufficient charge.

Blurry Images

4. Ensure that the camera's shake reduction switch is in the "on" position.

5. Verify that the shutter speed is not set too slow for the shake reduction to be effective. For slow shutter photos (1/60 or slower), turn off the shake reduction and use a tripod.

6. Verify that the camera is focusing on the subject. Confirm that an autofocus point is on the subject in the viewfinder and that focus confirmation is received before taking the picture.

Miscellaneous Errors

7. If the camera still does not power on or function correctly even with properly inserted charged batteries, remove the batteries and then reinsert them. This will resolve any issue with static electricity that prevented proper camera function.

8. Verify that the camera is switched to autofocus mode when trying to take photos using autofocus as the camera shutter will not work if it is set to manual mode.

9. Ensure that the subject is not too close to the camera preventing the camera from correctly focusing. In the event of blurry, poorly focused photos, take a step back from the subject and make sure that there is proper lighting.

Tags: shake reduction, Ensure that, that camera, Verify that, batteries inserted, batteries inserted camera, inserted camera

The Best Way To Clean Plastic Camera Lenses

The lens of a camera is an important element in taking superb photographs. You do not just buy an expensive camera for great pictures, you need a quality lens too. To continue taking crisp and clear photographs, camera lenses should be well taken care of. Camera lenses can be expensive, which makes proper care and maintenance an important issue to keep in mind. Cleaning lenses routinely will not only improve the quality of your photographs, but could also increase the life of the lens.

Wash with Cold Water

One of the best ways to clean plastic camera lenses is to just use cold water. Simply rinse the lenses with cold water. Remove any dirt from the lens by rubbing it gently with your finger under running water until the lens is clean.

To make sure there are no water spots or streaks when it dries, remove excess water and dry the lens with a soft cloth. Your pictures might be blurry if there are water marks on your lens. Make sure there are no remaining dirt particles on the lens before you wipe with a cloth because it might scratch the lens. A microfiber cleaning cloth is perfect for cleaning lenses.

Use a Lens Cleaner

For dirt that is a little tougher to remove from your lenses, your best option would be to use a lens cleaner. Just put a few drops of lens cleaner on your soft cleaning cloth and wipe the lens with it. Clean your lens in a gentle rotating motion, starting from the center and gently working your way to the edge.

Never use too much cleaning liquid on your lens because this will leave your lens foggy. Take extra care that the cleaning liquid does not get on the inside of the lens. Never apply the liquid directly on the lens. Plastic camera lenses should always be cleaned gently to avoid damaging them.

Blow On the Lenses

If you went on a shoot outdoors and your plastic camera lenses got dusty, then the best way to clean them would be to use your breath to blow on the annoying dust particles. Blow on it a few times until all the dirt has been blown away. You could also use a brush that has an air capsule to blow off the dust.

Usually dust is easy to remove so you do not need to use any fancy cleaning material. Using too much cleaning fluid can damage the coating of the lens. Plastic camera lenses are very fragile, so avoid using harsh chemicals to clean them not unless you really have to.

Tags: your lens, camera lenses, camera lenses, camera lenses should, clean them, cleaning cloth

Replace The Lens Cap On A Powershot G3

Canon's PowerShot G3 camera comes standard with a lens cap and a lens-cap strap. Out of the box, neither accessory is installed on the camera. You'll have to install it yourself. Additionally, the lens cap or lens-cap strap may require replacing eventually. Although the items are designed to last the life of your Canon PowerShot G3, they may become physically damaged at any time. Order your replacement lens cap from Canon to ensure that the piece fits your PowerShot G3.

Instructions

1. Grasp the old lens cap and remove it from the lens. Then loop the part of the strap attached to the lens toward the strap holster. Grasp the plastic buckle and slide it up to create slack. Feed this part of the strap through the loop around the strap holster. This releases the old strap from the lens and subsequently, from the Canon G3.

2. Slide the tip of the new strap through the strap holster. Feed the tip through the natural loop created and then slide down the buckle to secure the strap to the holster.

3. Feed the edge of the strap through the small loop on the lens cap, and then feed it through the natural loop that is created. Pull it to tighten it, and then snap the lens cover onto the Canon G3 lens.

Tags: strap holster, strap through, Canon PowerShot, from Canon, from lens, holster Feed

Information On Range Finders

Information on Range Finders

Measuring distances has been an important part of engineering throughout history. While ancient builders used basic guides, craftsmen quickly began creating better measurement tools. From paces and hands to rulers and yardsticks, measurement tools have advanced over hundreds of years. A modern-day rangefinder, one of the most accurate ways to measure distances, uses pulses of light. Laser beams are bounced off distant targets, while a timer counts exactly how long the light takes to return. This technology is called laser rangefinding.

Rangefinder Basics

Laser rangefinders use focused light to measure distances. An invisible laser beam is aimed at an object. Because laser light bounces off most surfaces, rangefinders can "see" this reflection and time precisely how long the light takes to return. The rangefinder can then calculate the distance to the object.

Rangefinder Pulses

Instead of constantly emitting light energy, most rangefinders use "pulses" of laser light. The patterns of this pulse help the rangefinder identify the laser beam when it is reflected.

Consider the headlights of a car. These are constant beams. When hundreds of cars are together on a busy highway, the beams blur together and are difficult to distinguish. A police car's flashing lights, however, are immediately noticeable. The pulsing laser of a rangefinder uses the same principle.

Rangefinder Distances

Many factors affect the effective distance of rangefinders. Most handheld rangefinders can measure several hundred meters accurately, while more advanced models can measure to a kilometer or more.

While laser rangefinders are very accurate at long ranges, there are some limitations. Like all waves, laser light spreads out gradually as it travels. Differences in the air, such as heat and moisture, can deflect the beam and create false signals.

Common Uses

Rangefinders are used in sports and recreation activities, such as golf and hunting, that rely on knowing precise distances. Decreases in technology costs have made sport rangefinders more common in recent years.

Laser rangefinders are also very common in the military. Commanders rely on accurate information for everything from artillery fire to troop movements. In addition to handheld models, the military employs long-range lasers mounted on vehicles and aircraft.

Other Uses

The entertainment industry uses lasers to scan objects and create 3-D models. These precise measurements are converted into highly detailed representations in virtual reality.

Scientists often use laser rangefinders, as well. Long-range lasers can be used to measure the distance to an object in space, such as the moon. The technology continues to be used more and more in space exploration, where there is no atmosphere to deflect beams of laser light.

Tags: laser light, distance object, Information Range, Information Range Finders, laser beam, light takes

What Is An Imagesetter

An imagesetter, unlike standard printers, is used exclusively to develop images.

Computers connect to printers to produce printed documents and forms, but specially designed printing devices can be utilized to help develop more specialized, photo-quality images via a computer. An imagesetter is one such device.

Definition

An imagesetter is a high-resolution computer output device used to develop high-quality black-and-white images via a computer's commands.

Function

An imagesetter develops sheets or rolls of bromide paper or film by exposing it to a light source. Bromide paper contains silver bromide, which produces neutral blue-black or black image tones. Imagesetter film is coated with silver halide, similar to the coating found on standard black-and-white photographs. The light exposure from the imagesetter infuses the image onto the paper.

PostScript

Computers send commands to imagesetters via PostScript language. PostScript is a page description language (PDL) that describes page appearance to a printing device. Page description languages use binary data streams, or groups of data in the form of a language composed of zeros and ones that a computer can understand.

Tags: images computer

Maternity Photograph Ideas

Maternity photographs should capture the sense of family and love.

Maternity is a time of great change for a woman, both physically and emotionally. Many women opt to take portraits during this time to capture the changes and the sense of expectancy and joy. As you plan a maternity shoot, consider ways you can capture the emotions and personality of the woman and her family.

Family

Create the sense of family in a maternity photo by including both parents and children. If there are no other children, you can ask the father stand behind the mother with his arms wrapped around her while both look lovingly down at her belly; this captures the sense of love and security of a family-to-be. If there are other children, include the entire family and have them gather in front of the mother. It can be sweet to have a very small child lay his cheek on his mother's belly, or for each person to place one hand on the belly.

Semi-Nude

Maternity is a time you can take semi-nude photos without being tacky or overly sexual. Rather, this type of maternity photo celebrates the beauty of the pregnant body and the miracle of life. Choose a shadowy, black-and-white silhouette photo for artistic effect, and cover the pregnant woman with draped material, a robe or flowing dress. You can also choose a topless photo in jeans or a skirt, making sure the woman covers her breasts with her arms.

Outdoor

For a pregnant woman who identifies strongly with nature, take photos outside to create the sense of an earth mother. Pose the mother-to-be standing among the trees in a forest, sitting in a field, or walking through tall grass, for example. Before the shoot, speak with the mother about places she feels most at peace--reading on a large rock off of a lake shore, sitting in a canoe or walking in the hills. Outdoor maternity photos should communicate a sense of great calm and peace, both with the setting and in anticipation of the birth of the child.

Dramatic Silhouette

The silhouette of a pregnant woman can make a striking photograph. Play with light and shadow by posing the mother-to-be against a vibrant light source such as a window. You can also use a natural setting by placing the woman against a bold sunset or standing between the camera and the direct sunlight. Work with the mother-to-be to find out what scenes appeal to her most in a photograph and find a way to place her in the scene.

Tags: pregnant woman, maternity photo, Maternity time, other children, sense family

Retrieve Sim Card Data

A SIM card reader allows easy access to its data.

Recovering and retrieving data from a SIM card does not necessarily require a using a cell phone. All you need is a SIM card reader and computer with a USB connection. Before buying a reader, make sure the specific device you are looking at is compatible with your service provider. Also, after you buy the reader, make sure the driver software is properly installed onto your computer before trying to retrieve any data.

Instructions

1. Install the SIM reader's software onto your computer.

2. Turn the phone off.

3. Remove the SIM card from the phone.

4. Insert the SIM card into the SIM card reader.

5. Insert the reader into an open USB port on your computer.

6. Open the SIM card reader's software on your computer, if it doesn't automatically pop up.

7. Retrieve the data you need.

Tags: card reader, your computer, make sure, onto your, onto your computer, reader make, reader make sure

Types Of Movie Lighting

Movie lighting is used to make the camera see the scene the way our eyes would.

Unlike the human eye, video and film cameras need specific lighting to produce an image that looks realistic and believable to the viewer. In order to make movies, lighting has to be considered constantly in every shot. There are essentially two types of lighting and several positional techniques used to light a scene in a movie. While there are many variables involved, the basic concepts of movie lighting remain the same throughout the industry.

Available Light

One of the two types of light available to film crews is commonly called "available light." This simply means that the naturally occurring light on the set will be used to completely or partially light the scene. This is usually sunlight, but the term is also used to refer to any lighting not set up by the crew; streetlights, for example, may be considered available light.

Artificial Light

Artificial light includes any set lighting brought in by a movie production crew. There are many varieties of artificial lighting used on movie sets. Common tungsten bulbs can be used, but often have to be adjusted for color. Photo bulbs of 250 to 500 watts are also common artificial-lighting options. Flicker-free fluorescents, halogen-metal-iodide (HMI) bulbs, and devices known as reflectors (used to bounce natural or artificial light from another source) are also common in the industry.

Key

Types of movie lighting may refer to the position of the light source and its purpose as well. The key light is the main light source used to light a subject in a scene. This light is often placed on the front and side of the key subject, such as the speaking actor in the scene, and is slightly elevated to mimic sunlight, moonlight or indoor lighting. This is typically the most intense light used on the set.

Fill

The fill light is set up on the side opposite from the key light and is a less-intense light. The fill light, as the name would indicate, fills in the spaces where the key light does not reach. This type of lighting softens hard shadows cast by the key light and makes for a more visually appealing image.

Back

The back light is often used on the backside of the key subject and is aimed from above to fill the rear and make a sort of halo effect on the head. This is often used in close-up shots of a person and gives them a warm appearance on screen.

Set

The set light is the one light source not aimed at the key subjects in the scene. This light is often farther back on the set and is used to illuminate the background so that the audience can see the setting well. For example, the set light, or lights, may be set up on a city street scene to light the fronts of buildings along the street in the background so that they appear natural looking on screen. Without this light, the background could be too dark and get lost in the shot.

Tags: light often, light source, scene This, also common, available light, background that

Play Games On An Ipod

Playing music is only one feature of the iPod. You can also play games on an iPod. Once you purchase a game online using iTunes, you sync to your iPod portable music player and transfer the game files to your iPod. Now you can play a game on your iPod.

Instructions

1. Go to the online store and purchase a game for download into your desktop computer. Once you have the game files ready, hook up the iPod to your desktop computer.

2. Sync your iPod up to your desktop computer. Depending on your operating system or individual settings, you may have to manually bring the game files over to the iPod.

3. Let the syncing process finish up, and allow the portable music player to fully recharge. Disconnect the iPod from the computer.

4. Open the main menu of you iPod, either by turning it on or by tapping the center button twice. The main menu has a list of frequently used programs for you to choose from.

5. Use the click wheel and center button to select the Extras option on the main menu screen. Now choose the "Games" entry to pull up a list of available games on the iPod.

6. Choose a game and begin playing on an iPod. Should you play games frequently, you may want to add "Games" to the list of options available on the main menu.

Tags: main menu, your iPod, desktop computer, game files, your desktop

Charge The Battery On A Garmin 340

The Garmin 340, officially known as the c340, is a portable navigation system for your vehicle. Although the c340 is discontinued, parts and accessories are still available for the system. You have several different options for charging your Garmin c340 battery. Each method will take approximately 3 hours to completely charge the battery.

Instructions

1. Attach your Garmin c340 to your suction mount to charge the battery in your vehicle. The suction mount has an attached power cord; simply plug the power cord into your car's cigarette lighter power supply or power outlet to charge the battery. The vehicle must be turned on for the battery to charge.

2. Use Garmin AC adapter number 010-10618-00 to charge your Garmin c340 at home. Connect the adapter to the side of your c340 and connect the other end into a standard wall socket.

3. Connect your c340 to your computer using the provided USB cable. The battery will receive power from your computer and automatically charge, but you must install the software CD that came with your Garmin c340.

Tags: Garmin c340, your Garmin, your Garmin c340, charge battery, c340 your, power cord

Use Phone Cards

Phone cards, also known as calling cards, are not nearly as common as they once were due to the proliferation of cell phones. However, there are still times when you may need to use one, whether it's at a pay phone or to make a long distance call without being charged extra fees. While phone cards are simple to use, if you've never used one you may not be sure what to do. These cards often have instructions on the back if you get stuck.

Instructions

Instructions

1. Find the access number for the company that sponsors your calling card. It should be printed on your card, usually somewhere on the back. It is almost always a toll-free number. Now find the card's personal identification number (PIN). This four-digit number also will be printed on the card. Sometimes it is hidden under a gray film that you need to scratch off.

2. Dial the access number, remembering to add a 1 first if it is long distance. You will get the voice of an automated system that will ask for your PIN. Enter it and then dial the phone number you would like to call. If it's an international call, enter the country code first (see list in resources) and then the area code and phone number. In some cases you also will need to dial an access code. It should say so on your phone card.

3. Wait for your call to connect. If it doesn't, check to make sure you have the right phone number. If you do, try calling back. If it still doesn't work, follow Step 2 to the point where you enter your PIN. Then stay on the line or press zero to speak to an operator.

4. Hang up the phone at the end of your call unless you would like to make another one immediately after. If this is the case, look on your card for a termination code. Type it in. Then dial your new phone number. If you can't find the termination code, follow the instructions in Step 3 to reach an operator or just hang up and repeat Step 2.

Tags: phone number, access number, also will, long distance, number find, termination code, would like

Renew Nicad Batteries

Revive your rechargeable batteries.

NiCad batteries are batteries made from nickel and cadmium components. These are very popular batteries on the market today because they can run so many things like golf carts and boats. Renewing, shocking, reviving or resurrecting a rechargeable NiCad battery is not all that difficult. Unlike some other rechargeable batteries on the market, these batteries do not do well in devices that require a high current from the start, such as digital cameras.

Instructions

1. Read over the digital multimeter owner's manual so that you know use this equipment. Different meters have different application instructions, so make sure you're up to date on your model.

2. Inspect each of your batteries for breaks, cracks or peeling in the casing and covering. If you find one, dispose of them immediately.

3. Test the voltage of the batteries with the digital multimeter. You need to divide the total rated battery voltage by the number of cells in the battery. The reading should be 1.2 for good batteries, and 1.0 or lower for batteries that need to be renewed. Use the pencil and paper to help you calculate this.

4. Touch the red cable alligator clip of the AC Adaptor to the positive end of the battery, and the black cable clip to the negative side. Polarity is very important, so pay real close attention!

5. Leave on the batteries for one minute maximum. Do not exceed one minute or you risk severely damaging your batteries.

6. Retest the voltage of the batteries. The result should be 1.2 volts per cell. If not, repeat this process.

7. Use or charge as desired. Place in a storage container after charging and store or use at will.

Tags: batteries market, digital multimeter, rechargeable batteries, voltage batteries, your batteries

My Xm Sureconnect Antenna Won'T Work

An XM SureConnect antenna is a type of antenna designed to enable an XM satellite radio connection in your car. It is not intended for use with any other type of XM satellite radio receiver, like home or personal receivers. It is connected to the satellite radio receiver in your dashboard and functions similarly to a regular car antenna. Instead of receiving signals from AM and FM radio stations, it receives signals directly from Sirius/XM satellites. Many things can affect the performance of your XM SureConnect antenna, including improper installation.

Instructions

1. Unplug your XM SureConnect antenna from your car's power adapter. This power adapter is also commonly referred to as the "cigarette lighter." If you have stopped listening to XM Satellite radio, and are hearing static or interference when listening to AM or FM radio stations, unplugging the power to your SureConnect antenna will stop this interference.

2. Verify that your XM SureConnect antenna is connected properly to the XM receiver in your car. The SureConnect antenna should be plugged into the auxiliary jack on the front of your XM receiver, not in any auxiliary jack on your car's stereo receiver. The XM receiver connects to the stereo receiver, and the SureConnect antenna should be plugged into the XM receiver. Connecting the SureConnect in any other way will result in the device not operating properly.

3. Place the SureConnect antenna on the outside of your car. The SureConnect cable is long enough to be either placed on the roof of your car or on the front or rear window. Placing the antenna on the inside of your car may enable you to hear XM satellite radio stations, but the clarity will not be as high, or the signal as strong, as the antenna installed outside your car. Placing the antenna on the inside also makes it more susceptible to interference, which could result in your service periodically dropping out entirely.

Tags: SureConnect antenna, your SureConnect, your SureConnect antenna, satellite radio, radio stations

Transfer Pictures From Cell Phone To Computer

Plug your phone's USB cable into your computer and transfer your photos in a snap.

Picture messaging or emailing your pictures to get them off your cell phone is not always the best way to transfer the photos to your computer. Unless you have an unlimited plan, you will pay for each message sent. Also, what if you used your camera phone while on vacation and have a ton of pictures? Transfer those photos to your computer quickly using the method that best suits your needs.

Instructions

1. Use the USB cable to transfer the photos from your cell phone to your computer. Unless your cell phone is the 80s brick model, it probably has USB capability. You may need to purchase a data connect kit that is specific for your brand of cell phone if a USB cable did not come with it. The kit will include a data cable as well as the software (if necessary) to transfer your photos.

2. Plug your phone's USB cable into your phone and computer. Follow your phone's specific instructions to activate its storage drive. Drag and drop the pictures off your phone into the photo file on your computer. Disconnect your phone according to its instruction to avoid damaging your memory card.

3. Use your removable memory card. If your phone is equipped with a removable memory card you will find it very easy to just remove the card and use it to move the photos from your cell phone to your computer. To use this option you may need to purchase a memory card reader. Just make sure to purchase the correct type of reader for your memory card.

4. Remove the memory card from your phone per its specific instructions. Insert the memory card into the reader/adapter. Plug the reader into an available port on your computer. Open the memory card's drive and transfer the photos from your phone to your computer.

Tags: your phone, memory card, your computer, from your, your cell

Fix Pixels On A Sony Lcd Television

A Sony LCD Television, like any LCD TV, can develop an error in the electronics which can cause an individual pixel to become "stuck" and remain on the screen. Fix the pixel by forcing it to once again be invisible. The procedure does not rely on opening the Sony, so no warranty is voided, but requires patience since physical contact with the screen must be made. Done correctly, the pixel will once again work properly to display images and not itself.

Instructions

1. Draw a circle around the stuck pixel on the screen with the grease pencil. Turn the Sony LCD television off.

2. Moisten a microfiber cloth with tap water in the kitchen sink. Squeeze the water out of the cloth so that it is only damp.

3. Fold the cloth over. Place one side of the cloth over the drawn circle on the TV's screen. Hold the cloth against the screen with your left hand (reverse this if you are a "lefty").

4. Place the capped end of the pen against the cloth. Maneuver the pen so that it is directly opposite the stuck pixel on the screen.

5. Press the pen against the screen with mild pressure. Hold the pen against the screen for 15 to 20 seconds. Remove the pen. Remove the cloth. Wipe the grease pencil off the screen with the microfiber cloth, using slow, circular motions.

Tags: screen with, against screen, against screen with, cloth over, grease pencil, microfiber cloth, once again

Install A Palm Os Garnet 5 In A Palm

The Palm Operating System is software specifically designed for the Palm devices. This operating system allows the Palm devices to access Internet, data services and communicate with Palm applications. The Palm Garnet version 5 is a specialized Palm Operating system that was created for specific Palm devices. The devices that include pre-installed Garnet operating system version 5 include the Palm Centro, Palm Treo 680, Palm Treo 700p, Palm Treo 755p, Palm TX, Palm Tungsten T5, Palm Tungsten E2 and the Palm Z22. You can download the Garnet operating system from the Palm website.

Instructions

1. Visit the Palm website (see References) and click "Support." Click "Phones" and click your phone model.

2. Click the icon for your service provider. Click the "Downloads" tab.

3. Click the "Learn & Download" link next to "Software Update." Click "Download." Double-click the downloaded file link on your screen.

4. Plug one end of the USB cable into the bottom of your Palm device. Plug the other end of the USB cable into the computer. Click the "HotSync" icon on your computer screen. Allow the device to synchronize with the new operating system.

5. Remove the USB cable from the device after the update completes. Remove the battery from the device. Press and hold the "End Call" key while re-inserting the battery.

6. Release the "End Call" key when a new screen appears. Press the "Up" key to erase data in the phone. Press the "Center" button to continue. The phone will turn off and turn back on with the new Garnet operating system version 5 installed.

Tags: operating system, Garnet operating, Garnet operating system, Palm devices, Palm Treo, cable into

Make Your Own Night Vision Googles

You can make night vision goggles at home.

Night vision goggles work by light energy and they convert this energy to electrons then back to photons. This occurs once a small amount of light shines onto the lenses of the goggles. When sufficient energy is released by the electrons' movement, they pass out though the lenses, converting electrons to photons, permitting the night vision technology to work. You can utilize this technology yourself and create your own set night vision goggles at home by following a few basic steps.

Instructions

1. Trace the lens of the black goggles on the red and blue theatrical gels with a black marker. This creates a filter for your goggles. You need two red and two blue gel lenses so you have one for each eye.

2. Cut four gel filters with the X-Acto knife. Measure the gel filters on the inside surface of the goggles to be certain they are a proper fit. Trim off excess material.

3. Glue the red gel filter on to the inside surface of the goggles with superglue. Allow this to dry completely then repeat process with the blue gel. Glue the blue gel filter on top of the red on all four corners with the glue.

4. Attach four of the LED lights to each lens along the outer edge of the frames with electrical tape.

5. Attach wires to the three-volt battery. This can be glued to the goggles or carried depending in your preference.

6. Test your goggles to see if the image is clear. If it is not, add an extra LED light and an extra layer of the red and blue gels to your goggles.

Tags: night vision, vision goggles, your goggles, goggles home, inside surface, inside surface goggles

What Type Of Energy Does A Reflecting Telescope Use

With his reflective telescope, William Herschel discovered infrared radiation.

Not long after Galileo was the first to build a telescope capable of imaging the heavens, his compatriot Niccoló Zucchi invented the reflecting telescope. A few decades later, James Gregory and Isaac Newton improved on Zucchi's work with their own designs for a reflective telescope. Newton was especially motivated by the desire to avoid chromatic aberration, a property of refractive telescopes that blurs light. Almost all significant astronomical telescopes built in the last hundred years have been reflective telescopes.

Visible Light

Many serious amateur astronomers use reflective telescopes.

Telescopes look at electromagnetic radiation, whose energy is dependent on its wavelength. If there's electromagnetic radiation to be seen, there's a reflective telescope looking at it. The most obvious form of energy detected by reflecting telescopes is what we see every time we open our eyes: visible light. A common practice is to grind and polish a glass blank to the right curvature, then coat it with aluminum. The aluminum reflects a little bit of ultraviolet light, all visible light and infrared light far out into the spectrum. Amateur astronomers' reflective telescopes usually have glass eyepieces, which will transmit visible light quite well, and even a little bit of near infrared light, up to a wavelength of around 2 micrometers (millionths of a meter).

Into the Infrared

Infrared wavelengths reveal features not visible in normal light.

Most large astronomical telescopes have the capability to extend their imaging into the longer wavelength, lower energy infrared wavelengths. The 10-meter diameter Keck Telescopes in Hawaii, for example, can image wavelengths greater than 5 micrometers. There's even a proposal for a terahertz reflecting telescope. Terahertz radiation is extremely low energy, with extremely long wavelengths, up to 540 micrometers and beyond.

The Ultraviolet

Infrared is on the low energy side of visible light; ultraviolet is on the high energy side. Mirrors that reflect ultraviolet use special materials and coatings. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope flown on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory satellite, for example, can image wavelengths as short as 17 nanometers (billionths of a meter). That's more than twenty times as energetic as visible light.

Going Higher

X-ray images, like this one from the Chandra Observatory, reveal highly energetic events.

X-rays are created when there's lots of energy flying around in such places as supernovas and black holes. These phenomena can reveal new information about the laws that govern our universe. X-ray telescopes, like NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory, image these interesting places. Chandra detects energy 4,000 times higher than the light we see. Even this telescope cannot detect gamma rays, which have even higher energy. These rays are so powerful they fly right through materials, instead of reflecting off of them.

Radio

This dish antenna is a giant radio mirror, creating a reflective telescope that detects low energy radiation.

Although we don't often think of them as telescopes, radio antennas can also be reflecting telescopes. Radio waves can have wavelengths longer than 10 meters. Radio waves have about one ten billionth of the energy of visible light. Reflecting telescopes are used from low energy radio all the way up to high energy x-rays, covering an energy range of 40 trillion times.

Tags: visible light, reflective telescope, reflective telescopes, astronomers reflective, astronomers reflective telescopes, astronomical telescopes

Create A Picture Slide Show For A Website

Creating a slide show for the Web can be exciting and a great way to showcase your work.

Instructions

Choosing Photographs

1. Choose the pictures you want to include in your slide show. Make sure they have been properly edited (cropped, red-eye reduction and dust removal) before making your selection. Put the photos in a folder to separate them from other photos you do not want to include.

2. On most image-sharing websites, you can select a template or a way to display your photos. Make your selection and follow the instructions of the website on add photos.

3. Make sure you have the right dimension requirements. Photo-sharing websites will give you the proper dimensions. Make sure each of your photos is in the correct format to be displayed on the Web. Most photo-sharing websites take only JPEG or TIFF images. Consumer-brand cameras typically shoot in JPEG format, so nothing needs to be changed. But professional DSLRS can shoot in a variety of formats. The best way to change the format of a photograph is processing it through a professional photography program such as Adobe Lightroom to change them into "Web" ready images.

4. After you double-check the size requirements for the photos, most photo-sharing websites make it simple to upload and display pictures.

Tags: Make sure, photos Make, slide show, want include, your photos

Test Single Phase 460 Motors

Single-phase 460 induction motors are simple electric motors that are used in a wide array of applications, including many home appliances. One factor that separates single-phase induction motors over other motors is a non-rotating field. These motors also cannot self start and use a start or run motor capacitor to start. These motors are low maintenance and are known for their longevity. However, if it is suspected that the motor is going bad it can be tested.

Instructions

1. Disconnect the power to the item you will be checking the motor in.

2. Take off the motor's wire cover, or squirrel cage, by removing the retaining screws with a Phillips-head screwdriver.

3. Use the screwdriver to disconnect the motor wires from the power supply.

4. Turn the multimeter on to the Ohms setting and touch the positive lead to one connector and the negative wire to a ground. Repeat this test with the positive lead touching the other terminal and the black wire on a ground. If both tests have a reading of zero Ohms, the motor is likely good.

5. Lay the screwdriver across the capacitor leads to discharge them and then remove the contacts with the screwdriver. Examine the capacitor rating on the side of the capacitor and set the multimeter to the capacitance setting.

6. Place the positive meter lead on the capacitor's positive terminal and the negative lead on the negative terminal. If the meter measure matches the capacitance rating marked on the capacitor it is good.

Tags: induction motors, positive lead, These motors, wire ground

Get Games & Apps For Your Iphone

The grandeur of the iPhone is its ability to download a vast variety of applications and games. You can find iPhone apps and games on the App Store, which, as of 2010, is the only marketplace for iPhone applications. Developers are constantly adding new apps to the App Store, so you'll always find a fresh array of games and apps to suit your needs. As long as you know your iTunes login information, you can begin downloading and using new apps and games right away.

Instructions

1. Turn on your iPhone and touch "App Store" on your home screen. Tap "New" to see the newest featured apps. Touch "What's Hot" to view the most popular apps.

2. Tap "Categories" at the bottom of the App Store to sort through different categories of apps, such as finance, games, music and lifestyle. Touch "Search" to enter the name of a specific app. You can also use "Search" to find an app even if you're not sure of the full name. For example, if you type in "Rat" for an application titled "Rat Escape," all apps beginning with "Rat" will appear.

3. Touch an app that you want to download. The app's description will appear. Tap "Download" to download the app if it's free. Touch the price to download an app that costs money. Sign into your iTunes account when prompted, if you haven't already.

Tags: apps games, will appear, your iTunes

List Of Pictbridge Compatible Digital Cameras

Digital cameras vary in size and cost.

The Camera and Imaging Products Association (CIPA) introduced the PictBridge standard in 2003. By purchasing digital cameras and printers with the PictBridge standard, it eliminates the need for computers to perform multiple digital photo solutions. One of the features of the standard is the ability to print images from a digital camera directly to a printer. To find compatible digital cameras, you should look for the PictBridge logo mark.

Canon PowerShot G12

The 10 megapixel (MP) PowerShot G12 is an advanced level digital camera. The camera boasts a 2.8-inch LCD screen and has motion detection technology. The camera uses a hybrid image stabilizer and is able to record high definition video. In addition, the 12.4-ounce camera has a 5X optical zoom and 4X digital zoom.

Canon PowerShot A3100 IS

The budget-friendly PowerShot A3100 IS comes in red, blue or silver. The camera offers many features including a 2.7-inch LCD display screen and a 4X optical zoom. The 12.1 MP digital camera has optical image stabilization and works well in low light. The A3100 IS uses a rechargeable lithium-ion battery and weighs approximately 5.47 ounces.

Kodak EasyShare C143 Digital Camera

The Kodak EasyShare C143 is a 12 MP digital camera that has a share button that makes it easy to tag pictures. The camera has a LCD display screen that measures 2.7-inches diagonally and it features Smart Capture, which adjusts the settings to capture the best picture. The camera has 32 megabytes of internal memory and has a SD/SDHC expansion slot. The available colors are blue, red, green and silver.

Kodak Slice Touchscreen Camera

The Kodak Slice is a portable photo album and digital camera combined. The camera also features the share button. The slice feature allows users to organize and search pictures on the device. The 14 MP camera has a 5X optical zoom and a 5X digital zoom. The touchscreen LCD screen measures 3.5-inches diagonally. In addition, the camera has 2 gigabytes of internal memory and an expansion slot that accepts MicroSD and MicroSDHC cards. The three available colors for the camera are radish, nickel and black.

Vivitar iTwist F536

The 14 MP iTwist F536 by Vivitar has face and smile detection. The digital camera features anti-shake technology and has a movie mode. The digital zoom on the camera is 4X and it has red eye reduction capabilities. The 2.4-inch display screen swivels 180 degrees. The camera uses a 4.2-volt lithium battery.

Tags: digital camera, camera optical, digital zoom, display screen, optical zoom

Troubleshoot A Pentax Camera

This is an older model Pentax SLR.

Pentax cameras are some of the most under rated cameras ever made. They are good, sturdy workhorses that cost less than the "big name" cameras such as Nikon and Canon. Pentax introduced the pentaprism, which is the imaging mechanism that made the single-lens reflex camera possible. Like any camera, however, the Pentax can develop some problems.

Instructions

1. Clean the camera according to the manufacturer's instructions. This is the first, best step to getting the camera to operate correctly. It may seem obvious, but lint, dust and grime can accumulate in the nooks and crannies of the camera body and the lens. Cleaning this can make the camera function better and can give you an idea where the problem is.

2. Detach and reattach the lens. Often, whether on a manual SLR, an auto-focus version or the digital version, if the lens is not locked correctly, problems can develop including an inability to focus or, for digital cameras, prevention of exposure. For example, if you can't release the shutter on a digital Pentax SLR such as the istDS and then the LCD window is blank. The solution often is that the aperture ring is not set to the "A" or automatic position.

3. Check the flip-up mirror for malfunction if you are not getting correctly exposed photos. Take the lens off and watch the mirror as you trip the shutter. Do this at different speeds. If the mirror appears sluggish or does not flip up or return properly, it could be a spring problem or an electronics problem. If you are using a film SLR, have the back open while you do this.

4. Lock the mirror or choose the "B" shutter setting and look at the shutter curtain as it is being released for a film camera. In older Pentax cameras such as the MX or ME, the shutter curtain can get sluggish and not reset itself quickly or completely. This can be fixed with a little WD40, but since the shutter is the most sensitive thing in the camera, if you see a shutter problem, take the camera to a photo repair service.

5. Check to make certain the CCD (charge-coupled device) sensor on digital Pentax cameras are clean. The biggest problem for Pentax is dust and dirt on the sensor. The CCD is very sensitive, so if you clean it, be very delicate. There are sensor-cleaning kits, but if you are very careful, you can do it with lint-free paper or a Q-tip.

Tags: Pentax cameras, cameras such, digital Pentax, shutter curtain

Connect A Computer To A Television

Connecting your computer to your TV transforms the TV screen into a computer monitor.

Connecting your computer to your television makes it easy to share downloaded videos and games with your family and friends. It can also be useful if you're working on presentations. The process varies somewhat depending on the computer you're using.

Instructions

Video

1. Find your computer's S-video port and/or VGA out port. An S-video port is a small, black port with four or more holes in it. A VGA port is a larger (but still relatively small) port shaped like a trapezoid that has 15 holes, five in each row of three. If your computer does not have an S-video port, you need to purchase a VGA-to-video converter. If your computer has neither port, you're out of luck.

2. Examine your TV to see if it has an S-video port. These are usually on the back of the set but can be on the front.

3. Connect your S-video cord to the back of your computer.

4. Connect the other end of the cord to the TV in the "S-video In" port.

5. Put your TV into the appropriate mode for the S-video port you're using. You probably can do this by pushing the "TV/Video" button on your remote or TV. Some TVs have these modes as channels below Channel 1.

6. Right-click anywhere in open space on your laptop. Click "Properties," then the "Settings" tab.

7. Click on the box labeled "1," then click the "Advanced" tab.

8. Look for tabs that say "General," "Adapter," "Monitor," "Troubleshoot" and "Color Management." The labels will vary among computers. Find the one that will set up your video card (sometimes it will open another window).

9. Look for something similar to "Set Up Multiple Displays." Find this, then choose your laptop display as the primary display and the TV as the secondary display. You want "clone" mode, which means the TV will display exactly what's on your laptop. If you can't figure out where this setting is, refer to your computer's manual.

Audio

10. Hook up the 3.5MM port to the headphone port on your computer.

11. Find the audio jacks that correspond to the S-video port you're using for the video. Plug the wire in according to the appropriate colors.

12. Turn the sound all the way up on your computer; if it's too loud, turn down the volume on your TV.

Tags: your computer, S-video port, your laptop, computer your, Connecting your

Make Photo Posters At Home

If you are having trouble finding posters to decorate your room, you can create your own. In fact, you can take any digital photo that you have and turn it into anything from a small poster to a super-size wall poster. You do not need any technical expertise to get started customizing your own photo poster.

Instructions

1. Open the digital photo that you want to turn into a poster in a photo-editing program, such as Adobe Photoshop. You will only be able to create a poster that is as large as the original image size because enlarging the photo is likely to cause pixelization, which is when the photo starts to look distorted and loses its crispness. If you are using a digital camera to take photos, be sure to use one with a high MP, or megapixel, output.

2. Make any edits to your photo in your photo-editing software. For example, you may want to click on the "Text" icon so that you can type something along the bottom or top of your photo before printing it out. You may also want to cut something out of the photo by clicking on the "Crop" icon from the toolbar.

3. Upload your photo online to Block Posters if you want to make a super-size wall poster. Block Posters will take your image and slice it into grids and allow you to download the results in a PDF file. For example, if you send in an image that you want split into three vertical sections and three horizontal sections they will make that a grid of nine sections total. You will get a PDF of nine pages that you can print out and piece together to make a huge wall poster.

4. Print out your photo using a color inkjet printer and some photo paper . If you have a large photo and want to make a large poster, you may need to get a large format inkjet printer, as the standard consumer printers usually have a maximum output of 8 inches by 10 inches. If you need to buy any of these items, you can usually get them from a local office supply store.

Tags: your photo, wall poster, Block Posters, digital photo, digital photo that, inkjet printer, photo that

Move Mp3s To My Sd Card For G3

The HTC Hero G3 is a touch screen smart phone that runs the Android operating mobile system. The phone offers many features including an email client, mobile Web browser, calender and access to the Android App Store, which provides access to thousands of applications designed to function on the phone. The phone also has a built-in MP3 player that allows you to listen to music on the phone. To store music on the phone, a microSD card must be installed.

Instructions

1. Plug the USB cable that was included with the phone into the USB port on the bottom of the phone. Plug the other end of the USB cable into your computer's USB port.

2. Open the Notifications Panel on the phone when a new notification appears, alerting you that the phone is connected to the computer. To open the Notifications Panel, place your finger on the notification icon on the status bar at the top of the phone and then slide your finger down.

3. Tap "USB Connected" from within the Notifications Panel and then tap "Mount."

4. Open the "Start" menu and click "Computer" or "My Computer," depending on your version of Windows. Double-click the HTC Hero G3 icon. Mac users, double-click the HTC Hero G3 icon when it appears on your desktop.

5. Create a new folder in the first window displayed when the HTC Hero G3 icon was clicked, also known as the "Root Folder." Name the folder an easily recognizable name, such as "Music."

6. Open a new Windows Explorer or Finder (Mac) window and navigate to the MP3 files that you would like to load on the phone.

7. Drag the files or folders into the newly created folder on your HTC Hero G3.

8. Close the windows when the files have finished copying. Disconnect the phone from the computer. If using a Mac computer, drag the HTC Hero G3 icon to the "Trash" to eject the phone from the computer.

Tags: Hero icon, Notifications Panel, from computer, music phone, phone from

Beginner'S Guide To Slr Cameras

SLR cameras have been a popular camera type for many decades

Single lens reflex, or SLR, cameras have been a popular type of camera for decades. Popular as 35mm cameras, medium format cameras using 120 film, and now digital cameras, SLRs solve a number of issues found in alternative camera forms.

What You See is What You Get

Unlike other camera types, with single lens reflex cameras, the image you see in the viewfinder is the image that is captured by the film or sensor. Light passing through the lens is reflected via a mirror to the camera's viewfinder. This image passes through a pentaprism or petamirror to correct the orientation of the image. Without this pentaprism or pentamirror, the image would appear upside down and reversed in the viewfinder. When the shutter is pressed, the mirror flips up allowing the light to pass through the shutter to the film or sensor.

Basic Controls

Cameras are simple. Although there are cameras available with automated controls, the most basic controls on a camera are simple. These basic controls have one purpose: To control the amount of light that reaches the film or digital sensor. The first control is the amount of time the shutter remains open. The longer the shutter remains open, the more light falls on the film or sensor. The second control is called the "aperture." The aperture is an opening in the lens that can be enlarged or reduced. The smaller the hole, the less light that falls on the film or sensor. It is a little counterintuitive, but the smaller the number of the aperture, the larger the opening. For example, f/2.8 allows more light to pass through the lens than f/22. A combination of these two controls, along with the shutter release and lens focusing ring, are all that is needed in an SLR camera.

Automated Controls

Modern automated SLR cameras offer a number of features that make it faster and easier to take pictures. Most automated SLRs allow the photographer to override all automation and operate the camera manually. However, most photographers prefer to set either the aperture or shutter speed and have the camera calculate the proper exposure. For example, by selecting a preset aperture, the camera's light meter will look at the overall exposure and select the correct shutter speed for a proper exposure. If "shutter-priority" is selected, the aperture is adjusted automatically while the shutter stays at a fixed setting. Some cameras have a "program" mode where both aperture and shutter speed are adjusted based on the light and type of lens attached to the camera.

Tags: film sensor, cameras have, shutter speed, aperture shutter, aperture shutter speed, basic controls, been popular

Connect A Canon Camera As A Webcam

It's easy to make your Canon act like a webcam.

Most new camcorders come with USB or FireWire ports, making them easy to connect to a computer for video editing. But what about webcasting? Many webcams are the size of a ping pong ball, with easy procedures for transmitting audio and video. But Canon camcorders, and even some of the high-end SLR cameras, can also be wired to act like webcams.

Instructions

1. Your Canon camera comes with software that will allow it to be used as a webcam, according to Best Buy's Jose Ortiz, a New York-based Sales Associate in Digital Imaging. Begin by installing that software so your computer will recognize the device for webcasting. Your computer won't recognize it automatically (unless it was custom-built and has the Canon software pre-installed). The software will also let you know during installation if your computer doesn't meet the minimum requirements for running your model of camera as a webcam. If you don't have the installation software, search Canon's website for a downloadable version.

2. Connect the camera to the computer using the FireWire cable. The camera should be turned on when you connect it to the computer.

3. Once you install the software, Canon will create its own program folder in your computer. Go to your Canon system settings in that folder. Set the camera function to "webcam." (This setting may also appear as "live stream.")

4. In your settings, you also need to be sure the video you stream through the camera isn't being stored on the camera. Check your settings to be sure the data is being stored on external memory (such as your computer's hard drive), rather than internal memory. If you use the camera's internal memory, then the camera will stop streaming when the memory runs out--even though you'll see yourself onscreen. It's just like having a camera without a memory card--you can "snap a picture," but it won't be stored anywhere.

Tags: your computer, being stored, connect computer, internal memory, your settings