Develop Negatives With The Delta Iso 400

Use a safelight filter to check the negatives.

Any time you use a new type of film for your photography, it's important to familiarize yourself with how the negatives are developed. When it comes to shooting with Delta ISO 400 film, photographers do not have to do much adjusting, since the film is mostly compatible with standard development procedures. However, you will need to develop it slightly longer than you would with more conventional types of film, for enhanced quality results.

Instructions

1. Use measuring tools to measure the appropriate amount of developer solution. When using Delta ISO 400 film, you can use either liquid or powder developers. Read the packaging of the developer solution to determine the appropriate measurement in proportion to water.

2. Pour the appropriate amount of water and developer solution into the first plastic tray. Test the temperature of the solution by placing a thermometer into the bath. The company recommends developing Delta ISO 400 film at either 68 or 75 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the Delta ISO 400 time table, negatives developed at 68 degrees take 6 minutes and developing at 75 degrees takes about 4 minutes. Temperatures in between 68 and 75 degrees require an adjustment to the number of minutes.

3. Turn off all lights in the dark room or designated room. Delta ISO 400 film must be developed in total darkness. Any exposure to light can streak the sensitive film. Allow a few minutes for your eyes to adjust to the darkness before proceeding.

4. Open the film canister, and begin winding the end of the film from the canister around the developer reel. Place the reel into the second, empty developer tray, and pour the contents from the first tray over the reel. Cover the tray with the lid.

5. Agitate the bath by tilting it back and forth from left to right. This gets out the trapped air bubbles and helps the quality of the development. Set the timer for the appropriate number of minutes. When the timer goes off, uncover the tray and pour out the solution.

6. Add the stop bath solution immediately after the first bath is poured out. The stop bath solution is responsible for halting the development process. Time the number of seconds necessary for the stop bath solution, based on the dilution and temperature ranges, which are explained on the packaging.

7. Use a non-hardening liquid or powder fixer. Set the timer for the appropriate number of minutes, again, based on the temperature of the bath.

8. Remove the film from the fixer solution, and place it under running water for 5 to 10 minutes. The water must be at a temperature that is within 9 degrees Fahrenheit of the processing temperature.

9. Apply a rinse solution, known as a wetting agent, to the film as you run it under water. A wetting agent helps the film dry quickly and evenly.

10. Wipe the film with a clean squeegee before hanging it to dry. This helps avoid drying streak marks. Hang the film to dry by clothespins in a room or storage area that is between 86 and 104 degrees F.

Tags: Delta film, bath solution, developer solution, number minutes, stop bath

Reducing Picture Size On A Panasonic Lumix

A Panasonic Lumix digital camera can take high-quality images that anyone would be proud of. There is, of course, a limit to how many it can store on the internal 14-megabyte memory. Even an inserted SD card can quickly fill up. For this reason, it is good to know reset the picture size settings so that images that require less detail can be recorded to a smaller file. On the other hand, if you have already recorded the image and want to reduce the file size, you will have to do that outside the camera.

Changing Using the Camera

Turn the camera on. Then push the "Menu" button to bring up the various options. Select "Aspect Ratio," and use the up and down arrow icons to change it (unless it is already at the ratio you want). Select "PICT.SIZE" from the menu. Use the up and down arrow icons to change it to a smaller file size. And you are ready to take you pictures.

Using Photoshop

If you have already taken the picture and want to change the image size, connect you camera to you computer via your USB port. Then save the image you want to work on to your hard drive. Open an image editing program like Photoshop. Then go to "File" and click "Open." Browse to the file you saved and open it. Select "Image" and then click "Image Size." Change the "Interpolation" to "Bicubic Smoother." Change the size and resolution settings to what you want them to be and click "OK." Save your image as a JPEG.

Using GIMP

If you don't own Photoshop, there is a freeware program you can use called GIMP. Open GIMP, and then select "File" and click "Open." Browse to the image and open it. Then select "Image" and click "Scale Image." Change the resolution and size to suit your needs and click "OK." Save your image as a JPEG.

Tags: arrow icons, arrow icons change, click Open, click Open Browse, click Save

Uses Of Rfid

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the most transformative technologies of our time, one that many of us are only marginally aware of. With surprisingly few components and a relatively simple interactive system, RFID technology has been able to improve many industries through a variety of applications for private enterprise, government and even personal uses. Despite some controversies regarding its expanded usage and privacy issues, RFID technology has become an integral part of our modern industrial infrastructure.

Function

RFID systems are composed of only three basic components; the antenna (or reader), the radio frequency (RF) tags (transponder) and the software or computer used to receive or display the data. The first component, the antenna, can be stationary or portable, depending on the application. The antenna emits a signal that activates the RF tag when it comes into proximity. The RF tag then transmits its stored data or writes new data onto its data chip. The data transmission is automatically monitored and managed by application-specific software or manually managed through an interactive computer terminal.

Industrial Uses

Since the scale of an RFID system can be measured in microns, there are very few limits to the types of applications where this technology can be used. As consumers, most of us are familiar with retail sensor tags found fastened to clothing, or stuck to the price label of a book. These security tags are RFID transponders. In the same way these tags track an item in the store to prevent loss, Wal-Mart uses RFID tags in almost every facet of their distribution chain to manage inventory production, just-in-time distribution, pricing and sales management.

Governmental Uses

The United States has made use of RFID in the general distribution of supplies and material both domestically and in the field. Most significant has been its use in the tracking of high asset material and goods moving into active combat theaters between 2002 and 2009. Recently, a number of RFID applications proposed by the government have come under some debate. These proposed applications include the embedding of RFID chips in U.S.-issued passports, drivers' licenses, state and federal ID cards and even in paper currency. These measures would help track and control illegal activity, but the trend has also sparked some concerns regarding right to privacy and civil liberties.

Personal Uses

Many new personal applications for RFID are being developed and debated. Public and private libraries are replacing bar code systems with RFID systems. This will allow the check-in/check-out process to be fully automated and a patron's entire library history to be stored on their library card. New personal products containing RFID chips allow parents to track lost children using a portable locator device. Some private hospitals are experimenting with RFID badges that can be programmed with a patients' medical data, including full chart information, the professionals administering care, patient history and complete biometric profile, including sensitive fingerprint and eye-matching data.

Considerations

Just as with any new technology, there are many applications that need to be carefully considered before implementation. The same technology that, if properly used, could allow local police to read vehicle driving activity from an RFID tag on a motorists' license plate could allow an industrious identity thief to glean critical information from an RF chip embedded in a driver's license or social security card.

Tags: could allow, RFID chips, RFID systems, RFID technology, with RFID

Set The Date & Time On A Kodak Easyshare Z1285

Digital camera

The Kodak EasyShare Z1285 is a digital camera that offers telephoto and wide angle shot features, as well as an internal memory and an external memory card slot. When taking photos, you can have the date and time stamp on the pictures. If you use this option, it is very important that you have the date and time set correctly. You initially set the date and time when you first set up your camera, but you can go back in and reset it by following a few simple steps.

Instructions

1. Turn on the Kodak EasyShare by pressing the "On/Off" button on top of the camera.

2. Press the "Menu" button on the back of the camera, and use the arrow key to scroll down to "Settings."

3. Use the "down" arrow (v) to reach the "Date/Time" option and select "OK."

4. Press the "Up/Down" (^/v) arrow to change the date field. When the Month field has been changed, press the "Over" arrow () to change the date field, and so on. When the date is entered correctly, press "OK."

5. Use the "down" (v) arrow to move on to the "Time" field.

6. Change the time fields just as you did the date field. Use the "^/v" buttons to select the proper times. Use the side buttons () to move to the next entry that needs to be changed. When the time field is properly set, push the "OK" button. Push "OK" again to go to the Main Menu.

Tags: date field, arrow change, arrow change date, change date, change date field

Polaroid Instant Camera Information

The Polaroid instant camera first debuted several decades ago. The popularity of the Polaroid camera soared and the device became an integral part of popular culture during the 1970s and 1980s. With the invention of the instant camera, photography was greatly simplified. Several seconds after taking a photograph with a Polaroid instant camera, a fully developed print was produced.

History

The Polaroid Corporation was founded by Edwin H. Land back in 1937. The company was initially founded to produce products such as camera filters and sunglasses. A decade later, Polaroid introduced the first instant camera known. The Model 95 produced black and white images in about 1 minute. Beginning in 1963, Polaroid offered a new version of the instant camera that produced color images. Polaroid instant cameras continued to be popular until the early 1990s. Sales of the Polaroid instant camera plummeted when the digital camera was introduced which led to the company discontinuing the device in 2008.

Types

There are several different types of Polaroid instant cameras that have been manufactured over the years. The easiest way to differentiate between the types is to identify the type of film the Polaroid instant camera relies on. The first type of instant camera produced relied on instant film rolls. This type of film had two rolls that combined together during the developing process. Other cameras used pack film that needed to be pulled apart after the developing process was completed to reveal the final photograph. Modern Polaroid instant cameras utilized a sophisticated type of integral film.

Function

Instant integral film combines the elements found in traditional film with the different chemicals needed to develop a photograph. Every piece of integral film is made up of several layers. There are three layers that are each sensitive to a specific shade of light that is red, green or blue. Under each of these layers is a special chemical in a complimentary shade of cyan, magenta or yellow that is used in the developing process. When a photograph is taken on a Polaroid instant camera, the different color lights expose areas on the light sensitive layers. Instant film also contains a reagent that is activated when the film passes out of the camera after a photograph has been taken. This reagent triggers a chemical reaction between the different layers. When the reaction has finished, the photograph is fully developed.

Features

Flash units are a common feature found on Polaroid instant cameras. Depending on the camera model, these flash units could be rechargeable or single use. Self timers are also popular features on Polaroid cameras. The majority of instant cameras produced by Polaroid feature a plastic body. The initial models were constructed out of metal. Although some models of the Polaroid instant camera feature a glass lens, most included a plastic lens.

PoGo

With the discontinuation of the traditional instant camera, Polaroid was forced to modernize itself in order to compete with digital cameras. In early 2009, Polaroid introduced the new PoGo digital camera. The PoGo features a compact color printer that has been integrated directly into the body of the device. The end result is a digital camera that can produce color photographs instantly. The photographs produced by PoGo cameras are 3 inch x 2 inch and come out of the device fully developed.

Tags: instant camera, Polaroid instant, instant cameras, Polaroid instant camera, Polaroid instant cameras, developing process

Buy Software For A Radio Scanner

If you are in the market for software for a radio scanner, you're in luck. There is a wide variety of possibilities to choose from. The Internet allows you to search over a wide geographical and commercial area, which gives you a greater range of choice. With the increase in technology, scanners can have up to 1000 channels; good software, then, becomes important to navigating that traffic.

Instructions

1. Determine which brand of radio scanner you have bought, or want to buy. There is a range of software that you can buy depending on which model of which radio you have, and, as in computer software, how much functionality you want to enjoy. Some "lite" programs can cost you upwards of $25.00, while the "pro" or advanced programs can cost upwards of $70.00.

2. Find a website or a store where your radio scanner is serviced. It is likely that such sites or places will have the software available for you. If you can't find a place through your local phone directory, the websites for your product will likely have a store locater feature that you can use.

3. Compare the various types of software that are available for your scanner. Features include elements to make radio navigation easier, data importation from PC, showing maps, and storing latitude and longitude coordinates.

4. Compare various brands and units before buying your radio. You can choose from Bearcat, Radio Shack and AOR, among others, though those brands tend to stand out from the rest of the pack as some of the best that can be had.

Tags: choose from, Compare various, cost upwards, programs cost, programs cost upwards, radio scanner, software that

Walkman Work

When 70-year-old Masaru Ibuka, co-founder of Japan's world-renowned Sony Corp. requested that his engineers design and create a portable stereo cassette player for a long business trip, little did he know that his request would be opening up a revolutionary new frontier--'portable music.' To achieve Ibuka's dream, Sony engineers rewired the 'Pressman,' a small "mono" tape recorder at the time, which enabled it to play in stereo format via headphones.

On return from his trip, Ibuka was so impressed that he suggested that the new portable stereo tape recorder be put into full production. Ibuka was fully backed by fellow founder Akio Morita, who was convinced that young people would love it. The company was then given a challenging, four-month deadline to put the Walkman on sale before the summer holidays of 1979. The challenge was met and the first Walkman models hit the market. Initially, many retailers were skeptical about the Walkman's acceptance and thought it wouldn't sell as it did not have a "recording" feature. By 1989, however, 50 million Walkmans had been sold. The question you may ask is, "How does a Walkman work?" Well, the following should give you an idea of what the Walkman is all about.

The Walkman is a small cassette player with a pair of lightweight headphones. There are primarily two parts to any audio magnetic recording system--the audio cassette tape (used as the storage medium) and the recorder itself (which acts as the playback device).

The audio cassette tape used in a Walkman, or for that matter in any tape recorder, is coated with magnetic particles. If the cassette is blank (sans recorded music) the magnetic particles will point in random directions. However, when music is recorded, they will automatically fall into a pattern that is identical to the original sound waves. When the "Play" button is pressed, the tape passes over a reader "head" that contains the electromagnet, which is highly sensitive to the patterns recorded on the tape. The head then transmits a matching, electrical signal to the tiny diaphragms in each ear piece of the headphone causing them to vibrate and create audible music sound waves. This is basically how you hear your favorite music.

The Walkman consists of basic features to perform such functions as play, pause, rewind, fast forward, record and stop. In a basic Walkman cassette player, there are two heads, one of which contains two small electromagnets. These two heads record the two separate channels of a stereophonic program. The tape recorder has two sprockets that engage the spools within the cassette. During recording playback, fast forward or reverse, the two sprockets spin one of the spools to engage the tape to match the function desired. The two heads are fitted below the two sprockets. The head on the left side is designed to erase and wipe the tape clean before recording. The centrally located head functions as the record and playback head and is the one that contains the two tiny electromagnets. The capstan and pinch roller are fitted on the right. The capstan revolves at a precise speed and pulls the tape across the head at the right speed. The standard speed of the capstan is 1.875 inches per second. The function of the pinch roller is simply to apply pressure in order that the tape is held securely and tight against the capstan.

Thanks to the Walkman, portable music has come a long way. Today, the audio cassette tape recorder has been replaced by CD, DVD players and more.

Tags: tape recorder, audio cassette, audio cassette tape, cassette player, cassette tape, about Walkman

Types Of Kodak Brownie Cameras

The cost of the original Kodak Brownie was $1.

George Eastman received a patent for the original Kodak Brownie camera on April 11, 1899, and it was released to the public in February 1900. Palmer Cox, a talented illustrator, had created a popular set of whimsical cartoon characters named the Brownies. The adventures of the characters were followed by both children and adults. Linking the camera and its packaging to the characters was a huge success. The Kodak Brownie launched with instant name recognition.

The Original Brownie

George Eastman wanted an inexpensive camera that would appeal to the masses, His product designer, Frank Brownell, was able to deliver the perfect product. The Kodak Brownie featured inexpensive components encased in a cardboard box that was covered with imitation leather. The camera sold for the astonishing price of $1. The Kodak Brownie was marketed on the wings of a simple slogan that trumpeted its ease of use---"Operated by any school boy or girl." The original model was in production through October 1901, and approximately 260,000 units were manufactured.

Beau Brownie

Eastman Kodak spent the next 25 years improving upon the structure and exterior design of the Brownie. In 1927, the company retained the services of Walter Dorwin Teague for a more stylish design. Teague was a well-established industrial designer. The Beau Brownie was released in 1930 with an art deco motif for the face of the camera. The exterior container was switched from cardboard to metal, and the imitation leather covering matched the color scheme on the face of the camera. The Beau Brownie was distributed in blue, green, tan, rose and black. The Beau Brownie was in production from 1930 to 1933.

Brownie Target

Eastman Kodak released the Target Brownie Six-20 in 1941, and the art-deco faceplate had a more conservative look than the Beau Brownie. The patch quilt look was replaced with a design of vertical lines, and the metal exterior was wrapped in the traditional black imitation leather. In 1946 the name was change to Brownie Target Six-20. The final production date was recorded as May 1952. There was also a Mickey Mouse Brownie Target Six-20 prototype featuring a Mickey Mouse faceplate. The Mickey Mouse prototype was never released for production.

Brownie Hawkeye

The Brownie Hawkeye was introduced to the public in May 1949. The shape of the Brownie Hawkeye was reminiscent of the earlier models, but now the exterior was made of molded plastic. The original Brownie Hawkeye was produced until November 1951, and its original list price was $5.50. The Brownie Hawkeye Flash Model was introduced in September 1950, and it remained in production until 1961.

Brownie 127

The Brownie 127 was placed on the market in 1952, and it was a huge success. The camera was manufactured in England by Kodak, Ltd. By August 1954, the English factory had manufactured one million Brownie 127 cameras. Over 250,000 were shipped to America between May 1953 and September 1954. It was such a popular brand that the line was brought back a few years after the original Brownie 127 had been discontinued.

Tags: Kodak Brownie, Beau Brownie, Brownie Hawkeye, Brownie Target, imitation leather, Mickey Mouse

Six Types Of Plastic Used For Packaging

Recyclable plastics fall into six categories.

In the interest of environmental protection, plastic packaging is labeled with what are commonly referred to as resin codes. These codes were developed by the Plastics Industry Trade Association (SPI) in 1988 to help recyclers properly sort and direct the plastic based on the degree it can be recycled.

PETE -- Polyethylene Terephthalate

PETE is a durable, transparent plastic commonly used to make beverage and food product bottles and jars as well as microwaveable food trays and ovenproof plastic wrap. When recycled, it becomes part of new plastic containers, carpet yarns, polyester textiles, strapping materials and molds used in engineering.

HDPE -- High density Polyethylene

This type of plastic is most prevalent in packaging goods that need protection from light and a stiff container. It can be either translucent, such as milk jugs, or opaque, such as the packaging for household detergents or bleaches. HDPE is also used in plastic bags for carrying food and retail items, reusable shipping containers and wire and cable sheathing. In its recycled state, HDPE is a component for new containers, plastic lumber and flower pots.

PVC -- Polyvinyl Chloride

Although PVC is usually associated with rigid goods such as piping, framing and fencing materials along with blister or clamshell packaging, it is typically used, in its flexible state, for heavy duty packaging bags and films, blood bags and medical tubing. When flexible PVC is recycled, it usually is turned into semi-flexible building materials, flooring, garden hoses and floor tiles and mats.

LDPE Low-density Polyethylene

This flimsy thin plastic is used most often to protect dry cleaning and as bags for bread, produce and newspapers. It also coats food cartons and disposable plates and cups. Recycled LDPE is used in the production of heavy-duty garbage bags, paneling, lawn furniture, trash cans and floor tile.

PP -- Polypropylene

Rigid packaging that must endure high heat during production processes is often made from polypropylene. This includes bottles and containers for medicines, foods and automotive products. When recycled, polypropylene is used to make automobile products like signal light covers, ice scrapers and oil funnels as well as garden tools and storage bins.

PS -- Polystyrene

Commonly known by the brand name Styrofoam, polystyrene can be stiff or foamed into small pieces used in packaging materials. Stiff polystyrene is used to make disposable tableware, lightweight coolers, coat hangers and insulation for buildings. Some recycled polystyrene ends up in more food service containers and some is used to make light and electrical outlet wall plates, rulers, casings for cameras and plastic moldings used in construction.

Tags: used make, Polyethylene This, When recycled

Diy Camera L Bracket

An L bracket is a tool that allows photographers to attach their cameras to a tripod in portrait orientation (vertical frame) rather than the standard landscape orientation (horizontal frame). While most cameras come equipped with a mounting socket at their base, very few feature a similar socket on the side. An L bracket can be attached to the bottom mounting socket and wrap around to the side of the camera (in the shape of the letter 'L') and provide another socket to attach to the tripod. L brackets can be expensive, but with some tools, you can make your own.

Material

Commercial L brackets are typically made of aluminum. This material is lightweight and durable, so makes a good choice for your DIY L bracket. Other alternatives include steel---which is more durable, but heavier, harder to work with and more expensive---and wood---which is cheaper, lighter and easier to work with, but is much less durable. Either aluminum or steel can be purchased in a sheet approximately 1 to 2 inches wide, 12 to 18 inches long, and 1/16 to 1/4 of an inch thick

If you are a professional or would like to look like one, you may be initially put off by the silver shine of aluminum, which contrasts with the black of your camera body and tripod. To remedy this, purchase a spray-on rubber coating from a hardware store and spray your L bracket with a few layers of rubber until it matches the look of your camera. This will also help to protect your camera from scratches from the aluminum, and also protect yourself from cuts on thin edges. Black hockey tape or electrical tape also works.

Construction

You will want to create a 90-degree "L" shape with your material with one side longer than half the width of your camera's body, and the other side as tall as your camera. It is likely the place you purchased your materials will be able to bend the metal for you. You should also drill two holes, one at each end of the L, to the thickness of your mounting sockets (1/4 inch holes are standard). Then, using a tap wrench, thread the holes on a setting of 1/4-20.

Attachment

Depending on the thickness of your L bracket, the standard attachment screws on your tripod's quick release plate may not be long enough to secure your camera. You will need screws that are approximately 1/2 to 5/8 of an inch long. A thumb screw is the best choice if you can find one, as it will allow you to attach and detach your L bracket without tools. A standard screw can work too, however, if you also coat the head of the screw with your spray-on rubber coating. This will give the screw head enough of a grip to be removed with just your hand. If your tripod came with two quick release plates, you may use both at each end of the L Bracket. If not, use the quick release plate to connect the L Bracket to your tripod, and a rubber washer on the side of the L bracket that will come in contact with your camera. A 1-inch diameter rubber washer super-glued on the camera side of the L bracket will suffice.

Tags: your camera, your bracket, quick release, side bracket, with your

What Are The Numbers On A Camera Lens

When learning photography with a single lens reflex (SLR) camera, one of the first things a photographer notices is the amount of information on the lens. Most lenses contain several pieces of information in numeric form. These pieces of information are critical to selecting a lens, as they determine how the finished image will look.

F-Stop

Also called the aperture, the f-stop settings will be the number closest to the camera body on the lens. These settings determine how wide the lens aperture opens when the shutter release is pressed, allowing more or less light to fall on the sensor. The "speed" of the lens is determined based on how wide the aperture can open--a faster lens will allow the aperture to open wider than a slower one. Smaller numbers mean a wider aperture and more light but will allow a shallower depth of field, or area that will be in focus. Larger numbers allow a smaller aperture and less light but have a much broader depth of field.

Focal Length

The focal length is the distance between the lens and the image media, such as film or a digital image sensor. It is written in millimeters on the camera lens and may contain a ratio. The distance in millimeters determines the perspective of the image. Lenses with a shorter focal length are called wide-angle lenses, while lenses with a long focal length are called telephoto lenses. Wide-angle lenses allow more of the scene to be a part of the image, where telephoto lenses allow the photographer to focus some distance away.

Zoom Lenses

Zoom lenses are lenses that allow more than one focal length. This ability lets the photographer change how close or far the subject is. Zoom lenses will often have the focal length written as a ratio; for example, a zoom lens that can move from a focal length of 400 mm to a focal length of 100 mm will have the ratio 4:1 written on it. A zoom lens can be either a wide-angle or a telephoto lens.

Prime Lens

The "opposite" of a zoom lens is a prime lens. Prime lenses have a fixed focal length, and so the photographer must physically move in order to compose the image. These lenses will have markings similar to a zoom lens, giving a focal length in millimeters as well as f-stop settings and optionally a distance scale. Many photographers prefer prime lenses over zoom lenses, as the quality of the resulting image is affected by the lens.

Distance Scale

The distance scale gives measurements of distance in feet and meters. When turned, the ring will align with markings on the lens to denote the minimum and maximum depth of field for that particular setting. This measurement is becoming less common, as it is unnecessary on many auto focus cameras and lenses, which focus for the photographer.

Tags: focal length, zoom lens, depth field, allow more, focal length, focal length called

Make A Movie Using A Flip Camera

Flip software converts video clips into movies.

Flip Video offers simplified video and movie making with the compact, "shoot and share" Flip camera. Flip Video's line of video cameras (Ultra HD, Mino HD and Slide HD) all include FlipShare, a built-in software compatible with PCs and Mac computers that have the minimum operating system of Windows XP or OS X. With Flip Video's FlipShare program, you have a tool that enables you to convert your individual video clips into movies you can save, upload and share online.

Instructions

Preparation

1. Shoot your video clips. Depending on the Flip camera that you have, you can shoot between one and four hours of video.

2. Connect your Flip camera to your computer using the built-in USB attachment. The FlipShare program will launch automatically.

3. Select the "Create a Movie" option from the "File" menu.

4. Drag the videos clips and pictures that you want for your movie into the "Add and Order content" window that appears. Organize the clips in your preferred order.

5. Click "Magic Movie" at the bottom of the window for the FlipShare program to automatically combine segments of the videos for you. Make sure your videos are no longer than one minute long each. If not, FlipShare will reduce all clips to one-minute intervals before joining them together.

6. Click the "Full Length" option instead of "Movie Magic" if you want to have more personalized options when creating your movie.

7. Click on the appropriate boxes to add titles, credits, and to include a "Flip Video" credit at the very end of your movie. Preview your movie in the "Preview" pane by pressing the play button. Click "next."

8. Select your movie's background music by choosing from FlipShare's selection of background music or the MP3s on your computer. Choose how loud or quiet you want the music in relation to the video sound, or if you want music in place of the video's sound. Click "next."

9. Save your movie file. The title you selected for your movie will automatically appear as the file name. Click the "Create Movie" button at the bottom of the window.

10. Retrieve your movies any time by relaunching the FlipShare program and clicking the "Movies" shortcut. Your movie is in the same folder from which the original videos were selected, unless you specified another folder when saving the file.

Tags: your movie, Flip Video, FlipShare program, Flip camera, video clips, background music, bottom window

Remove A Media Card Reader

For various reasons, it can become necessary to remove the media card reader from your computer. It's not a difficult task, but there are a few things to take note of when performing this operation.

Instructions

1. After powering off your computer and detaching all power cords, open your computer case. Different cases open in different ways; you may or may not need a screwdriver for this step.

2. Clear the way to the card reader. Move wires and remove other components, depending on your system.

3. Detach all cables running from the card reader to the motherboard and/or the main wire harness. If the connectors have tabs holding them in place, release these before removing the cables to prevent damage.

4. Remove any screws that are holding the card reader in place.

5. Remove the card reader from its bay. Some readers may be connected directly into a socket on the motherboard; pull these out from the socket before removing them from your system.

Tags: card reader, your computer, before removing, card reader, card reader from, from your, reader from

Canon Fs100 Vs Fs11

The Canon FS100 and FS11 are standard-definition hand-held camcorders developed by Canon. The company marketed both camcorders toward amateur videographers looking for decent video quality in a compact package at an affordable price. The two cameras are nearly identical in terms of specifications, with the FS11 being slightly more advanced overall. Canon released both devices in 2008. It has since discontinued both camcorders.

Identification

The Canon FS100 and FS11 are identical in terms of size and weight. Both camcorders measure 2.3 inches wide, 4.9 inches deep and 2.4 inches tall at their tallest points. Both camcorders weigh 9.2 oz. before optional upgrades and accessories. An identical removable, rechargeable Canon BP808 lithium-ion battery pack provides onboard power to both camcorders. Both camcorders are housed in rigid silver plastic chassis.

Storage

The primary difference between the FS11 and the FS100 has to do with the way the camcorders store video and photo data. Canon outfitted the FS11 with a 16GB onboard flash hard drive. The FS11 also has a built-in memory card slot compatible with MultiMediaCard and Secure Digital memory cards. The FS100 doesn't have any onboard hard drive space. Instead, it stores data solely to MultiMediaCard and Secure Digital memory card slots inserted into its integrated memory card slot.

Imaging

Canon equipped the FS100 and FS11 with identical integrated zoom lenses with 37X optical zoom, 2,000X digital zoom and an equivalent focal length range of 2.6 to 96.2 mm. Both camcorders were built around 1/6-inch CCD sensors with effective sensor resolutions of 1.07-megapixels. Both camcorders have lens aperture ranges of f/2.0 to f/5.2, nine autofocus points, widescreen video capture support, electronic image stabilization and through-the-lens contrast detection autofocus. Both camcorders use the DIGIC DV II video codec and save still images to the JPEG file format.

Additional Features

The FS100 and FS11 have maximum shutter speeds of 1/2,000 second; built-in, automatically retracting lens shields; automatic and custom white balance presets, program and automatic exposure modes. Onboard shooting modes available on both camcorders include sports, portrait, sunset, fireworks, snow, beach, night and spotlight. Canon sold both camcorders with one-year limited parts and labor warranties.

Tags: FS100 FS11, memory card, both camcorders, Both camcorders, Canon FS100

The History Of Crossprocessing Film

Cross-processed photographs have a yellowish undertone, and black areas have a blue hue.

The effect of cross-processing on film is a well-known procedure commonly used in many popular cinematic and photographic works. It is often used by artistic-minded professionals with the intent to produce film that is more aesthetically pleasing or to create a nontraditional hue that can breathe new life into an image that would in most cases not catch the eye.

History

The technique of cross-processing gained popularity in the 1960s, but Kodak always had made public on the back of its film that the precautions of overdeveloping film during the traditional chemical developing process. As the digital age was ushered in during the late 1980s and early 1990s and photographers began to create more crisp, clear and considerably perfect images, "sprocket hole" photography became a popular technique. This was a stylistic technique of printing the full 35-millimeter photo and revealing the perforations on the edges of the film. Along with this trend was developed a new wave of photography in which authentic developing and the use of cheap cameras and chemicals to develop natural pictures became the trend. This was in opposition to digital editing, and the trend inspired the revival of cross-processing in photography as a stylistic form.

Process

Processed C-41 negatives have images formed of dye. C-41 is the name for the chemical in which the film is placed to develop with the intention of having a cross-processed tinge. Since dyes have a long-term instability, C-41 negatives fade over time. The colors are also known to shift. Taking advantage of this as a film technique is how cross-processing is accomplished. This was seen as a significant problem with early films, until the process caught on as a technique in the 1960s.

Identification

Cross-processing is specifically identified as C-41 or CNK-4 by the photo company, Konica. It has also been labeled as CN-16 by the Fuji company and AP-70 by AGFA. It's most commonly used in fashion and band photography. An example of cross processing can be seen in the 2005 film "Domino," directed by Tony Scott.

Considerations

Cross-processing film is not the only way to achieve the result produced through the method. The style produced by cross-processing can also be simulated digitally through the use of image editors by manipulating the brightness, hue saturation, curves and contrast of a photograph.

Misconceptions

It is a misconception that commercial photo processing centers don't provide cross-processing as an option for their film. Not all do, but there are some that provide this service if you ask for it in advance.

Tags: C-41 negatives, commonly used, film that, technique cross-processing

Information On Lampshade Frames

A lampshade frame covered in fabric.

Lampshade frames are made of metal wire and come in many different shapes and sizes. Covering lampshade frames in fabric, leather or paper creates a decorative and functional shade for table, floor or ceiling lamps.

Identification

Stripping a lampshade of all trim and material exposes the metal wire frame.

Size

Lampshade frames vary in size from those used for chandelier shades, which measure just a few inches in diameter and height, to those used for large modern lamps or ceiling fixtures that can measure up to a couple of feet in diameter and in height.

Function

Lampshade frames offer support and shape to the material covering them. They also contain a fitting that attaches the shade to the light fixture.

Types

Lampshade frames come in different sizes and shapes, such as oval or round, as well as with different types of fittings, including uno, clip and spider.

Considerations

Recovering a lampshade frame is a good option if you like the shape and size of your lampshade but not the material covering it. This is a less expensive option than purchasing a new lampshade.

Expert Insight

Stripping lampshade frames and then painting them is one creative way to reuse them. These refashioned frames look great as ceiling fixtures.

Tags: ceiling fixtures, diameter height, lampshade frame, Lampshade frames, material covering, metal wire, Stripping lampshade

Set Exposure Settings In Photography

Depth of Field

Most of the time our camera's auto exposure features are good enough so we can count on perfectly exposed pictures all the time. Sometimes, however, you can get amazing effects from your film camera by using manual settings for your exposure. Learn when to override the camera's default settings to get exceptional pictures. The term, "depth of field" refers to changing exposure to either increase or reduce the degree of sharpness of the elements in your picture.

Instructions

Add Dimensions to Your Pictures by Using Manual Exposure Settings

1. Decide whether or not you want your picture to have even sharpness throughout, or if you want to have a sharp image in the center of the picture, and a blurry background. The first steps will describe taking a picture where you want the entire frame to be sharp. The second will describe take a picture that has a sharp foreground and a blurred background.

2. When you want a sharp picture of everything in your frame, you want to make your camera aperture as narrow as possible in order to take advantage of the physics of light that narrows the light coming into the camera. For example, if you are taking a normal picture where the average exposure settings would be f11 with a shutter speed of 125, you would change the aperture settings to f16, and stop the shutter speed down to 60. This will allow less light to come through the camera's lense, and the slower shutter speed will make up for the lost light shooting at f16 than f11.

3. If your camera has a preview function or a button you can push to see how the picture will look, use that function now to see if you are getting a sharp picture from the foreground to the background. If it is a little fuzzy in either of these picture elements, choose an aperture setting of f22, and a shutter speed of 30. If this gives you the degree of sharpness you want, take the picture. The slower the shutter speed, the more likely you will experience camera shake, so hold the camera tightly or use a tripod to take your picture.

4. If you want to highlight something in the foreground, the opposite steps are done. The aperture settings are wider, and the shutter settings are faster. For example, if you want to capture a close up of a flower and blur the background, open the aperture to f8 and change the shutter speed to 250. This will highlight your foreground, and give you a soft, fuzzy background.

Tags: shutter speed, your picture, aperture settings, degree sharpness, Exposure Settings, picture where, sharp picture

Set Date & Time Stamp On Cisco Logs

Set Date & Time Stamp on Cisco Logs

If installing a new Cisco network device, then you have the option of setting the date and time during the initial configuration. However, if your Cisco device is part of a previous network installation, there are a set of easy commands in the Cisco IOS used to configure the device's date and time stamps. Keep in mind that these steps must be followed anytime your network interface loses power, as most Cisco devices dump the internal memory containing date and time information in the event of power loss.

Instructions" with "hostname" being substituted with the name of your device, type "en", then press "Enter." The command prompt will change to "hostname#." Depending on your network settings, you may need a password from your network administrator to enter privileged mode.

3. Type "conf t" and press "Enter." The command prompt changes to "hostname (config) #," thereby alerting you that you are in global configuration mode.

4. Type "clock timezone zone hours-offset." Replace "zone" with the time zone of your router and substitute the "hours-offset" with the amount of hours you are from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). For example, if you are located in the Eastern time zone (EST), you would replace "zone" with EST and "hours-offset" with -5, as EST is minus-five hours from GMT. A link to the a World Time Zone Map is provided in Resources to assist you in determining the GMT. Press "Enter."

5. Type "clock summer-time zone recurring." Replace "zone" with your time zone's daylight time. For example, if you are in the Eastern time zone (EST), then you would type "clock summer-time EDT recurring," thereby instructing the router to adjust for Eastern Daylight Time (EDT). Press "Enter."

6. Type "CNTL/Z" or "End." Press "Enter." This will return you to executive privileged mode, as you cannot set the clock in global configuration mode.

7. Type "clock set hh:mm:ss day month year" and press "Enter." The command line should resemble "clock set 12:10:00 January 25 2010." Always use military time to set the clock. Your router's logs will now have the correct time and date stamp.

8. Type "show clock," thereby confirming you have set the correct date and time stamp.

9. Save your changes to the configuration file by typing "copy running-config startup-config." Press "Enter."

Tags: date time, Enter command, mode Type, press Enter command, time zone

Set A Wan To Use Slingbox

A Slingbox can be used to watch the television in your living room on any computer that is connected to the same LAN. You do not, however, need to be on the same LAN to access your Slingbox. If you are connected to the same wide area network (WAN), you can access the Slingbox remotely.

Instructions

Connect Your Slingbox to a LAN

1. Connect your Slingbox to your router and the video devices that you would like to access remotely. You will need to set up the Slingbox from a computer on the same LAN before you will be able to use it from a computer on a WAN.

2. Set up your Slingbox using a computer connected to the same router. This will allow you to set up the Slingbox with the connected video devices. During the guided setup procedure, be certain that you allow the Slingbox to be viewed remotely.

3. Test your Slingbox connection by launching the SlingPlayer software. You will need to troubleshoot any connection problems before you try to use your Slingbox over a WAN.

4. Log into the administrative page of your router. Write down the port number that your Slingbox is using and the WAN IP address of the router. This information will be needed to locate your Slingbox when you try to use it over a WAN.

Connect to Your Slingbox Over a WAN

5. Ensure that the SlingPlayer software has been installed on the computer that you are using on the WAN (see Resources below).

6. Launch the SlingPlayer software. You will need to configure the SlingPlayer to locate your Slingbox over the WAN.

7. Click on the button to add a new Slingbox from the Slingbox directory in the SlingPlayer software. Be sure to check off the option for a direct connection.

8. Provide the WAN IP address and the port number to which your Slingbox is connected on your LAN. This will allow you to connect to your Slingbox from any WAN, including the Internet.

Tags: your Slingbox, SlingPlayer software, your Slingbox, connected same, Slingbox from

Set A Projection Alarm Clock

Set a Projection Alarm Clock

Projection alarm clocks are digital clocks that use a small light to project the time on a nearby wall or ceiling. Many projection alarm clocks receive a radio-controlled time signal, sometimes called an atomic signal, to help them keep near perfect time. Some models even offer additional features such as temperature and humidity indicators. Setting up your projection alarm clock requires little effort and doesn't take long.

Instructions

1. Set the time on your projection alarm clock at night when the atomic time signal is strongest. Perform the set-up near a window and at least six feet away from electronics such as televisions and computers.

2. Insert two AA batteries into the battery compartment of your clock. Most atomic clock manufacturers recommend that you use alkaline instead of rechargeable batteries.

3. Leave your clock undisturbed for up to 20 minutes while it searches for the atomic time signal. Your clock will display the correct local time once it has received the radio-controlled time signal from Fort Collins, Colorado.

4. Position your clock no more than seven feet away from the wall or surface where you want the time projected. Tilt your clock's projection arm, if applicable, toward the selected wall or surface.

5. Hold the "Snooze" button on your clock to use its projection feature. Plug your clock into an electrical outlet to have the time projected continuously.

Tags: time signal, your clock, your clock, your projection alarm, alarm clocks

Use An Sb600

The Nikon SB600 is a moderately priced Nikon fill flash that can improve your photography. It is compact, offers TTL (through the lens) control and can be operated wirelessly. The SB600 has a shooting range of 2 to 66 feet.

Instructions

1. Install 4 lithium AA batteries in the SB600. Use lithium batteries as opposed to the alkaline ones because they last much longer and perform much better. Mount the flash to the camera body and lock it in place by sliding the lock switch on the bottom back of the flash to the right.

2. Turn the flash on by pressing the power button and holding it in for a second. Test the flash by pushing the button labeled "Flash." Do not fire the test the flash at your eyes.

3. Set the camera's picture mode to "P (Program)" and choose "Matrix Metering" or "Center Weighted Metering" in the Menu system of the camera. Look at your camera's manual if you don't know choose the metering mode.

4. Select "Flash" mode on the flash. Press the "Mode" button. Pushing this button changes the flash mode; depending on your camera, the flash will have different modes available.

5. Adjust the flash and take your picture. Generally, if you are using the flash for portrait photography, you do not want the flash pointed straight at your subject, as it will create harsh fill light and red eye. Aim the flash up and bounce it off the ceiling to get a softer, more natural fill.

Tags: lithium batteries, your camera

Sony Cybershot 3 2mp User Guide

Sony CyberShot 3.2MP User Guide

Between November 2002 and the summer of 2003, Sony released a series of 3.2-megapixel digital cameras. These point-and-shoot cameras are all part of the CyberShot DSC-P series and bear the product numbers P31/P71 and P32/P72.

CyberShot DSC-P31/P71

The Sony Cybershot DSC-P31 and DSC-P71 share a user manual containing information on use the cameras' zoom, focus the cameras and their various autofocus points, change the scene selection for shooting in twilight mode or for landscape shots, reduce noise on long-exposure photos, and use the included software (see Reference one).

Cybershot DSC-P32/P72

Released six months after the P31 and P71 models, the Sony Cybershot DSC-P32 and P72 featured minor improvements. The user guides take you through the new Smart Zoom feature; the synchronized fill flash setting for daylight shots; the twilight portrait, beach and snow scene shooting modes; and filming video in clips that can be e-mailed (see Reference two).

Other 3.2 Megapixel Models

If your camera model is not shown here, don't worry. Sony has full user guides and manuals available through its website and an additional series of manuals for specific photography situations, such as take photos of babies, birthday parties, holidays, kids and sporting events. Use the Sony support site to find your camera by model number, and download your specific user guide as a printable PDF file (see Resources).

Tags: Sony Cybershot, camera model, Cybershot DSC-P32, User Guide, user guides

Cassette Tape Work

Cassette Tape: 45 minutes per side (C90)

Physical Properties of the Cassette Tape

The hard plastic shell of the cassette tape protects the magnetic tape and two spools inside. As the magnetic tape is passed from one spool to another, the audio track plays uninterrupted. Professionally recorded cassette tapes often come professionally printed in hard plastic cases. Blank cassette tapes bear no marking; however, they usually come with sticky labels for personalization.

Playing a Cassette Tape

In order to listen to a cassette tape, a user must have access to a stereo, boombox or tape recorder that is cassette tape compatible. Press the "stop" or "eject" button to open the cassette player. Place the cassette tape (magnetic tape-side down) into the cassette player.

Once the cassette tape is inserted into the machine, the cassette tape's spools fit over the spindles on the machine. When the user presses "Play," the playback head pushes against the tape. The friction causes an electromagnetic pulse, which results in sound.

Two Sides of a Cassette Tape

A user can listen to the tape until it is finished, press fast-forward until all of the magnetic tape is collected on to one spool or manually flip the tape over to listen to the reverse side. An older boombox or stereo may have an "auto-reverse" button, which eliminates the need to manually flip the tape. Auto-reverse will switch the tape to its opposite side, enabling the user to listen to the reverse side of the tape.

Usage of Cassette Tapes

Cassette tapes are used to record audio and data. The most common tape lengths are 30 minutes per side (C60), 45 minutes per side (C90) and 60 minutes per side (C120). When choosing a casette tape, a person should consider the intended usage of the tape. This will ensure the tape length corresponds with the amount of music or data to be recorded.

Usage of Cassette Tapes in the Past

Cassette tapes were the first re-recordable alternative to vinyl records, which made them very popular in the 1980s. Additionally, the first home computers utilized cassette tapes for data storage, because cassette tapes were much cheaper than floppy disks in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Tags: minutes side, magnetic tape, cassette player, Cassette Tape, cassette tape, cassette tape, cassette tapes

Take Pictures With The Xa Camera

The Olympus XA 35mm camera is not digital. Yes, you must actually use a roll of film to take pictures with this camera; it was first manufactured in 1979. Taking pictures with a camera that still uses traditional film can save a lot of hassle for some people. You do not have to worry about storing the pictures on a computer or worry about transferring photos between devices. Just take the pictures until the film runs out, and then get the pictures developed.

Instructions

1. Load the camera with a new roll of film. Pull open the back cover, insert the roll of film and pull out the film just enough to reach and insert into the "take-up" spool. Wind the spool enough to roll the film around it and close the cover.

2. Open the front cover, also known as the dust barrier, to expose the camera lens.

3. Wind the film until "1" shows in the exposure counter.

4. Set the film speed by turning the dial under the lens. The speed of the film inserted into the camera appears in a window on the back of the camera; set the dial close to this number.

5. Set the shutter speed. View your subject through the camera, look at the needle in the picture and adjust the aperture lever on the right side of the camera. If the needle you see through the viewfinder is in the striped zone, you risk overexposure. You can set the aperture to anywhere below the striped zone. If the needle is at 30 or under, you have to be more wary of shaky hands. If you are capturing a moving subject, set the shutter speed higher to stop the movement or set the shutter speed lower to capture the movement.

6. Focus on the object by turning the focus dial. You can tell if something is out of focus if it looks blurry or looks as if you are seeing two of the object.

7. Hold the camera with one hand at each side of it. Do not cover the flash or the lens with your hands.

8. View the object you want to photograph through the lens and press the shutter release button on the top right side of the camera to take the picture when you are focused on the object.

Tags: roll film, shutter speed, camera with, pictures with, right side, right side camera

Send Text Messages To A Mobile Phone From The Internet

Text messages are short messages sent via the Small Message Service (SMS) on telecommunications networks. SMS was first developed in 1985 and became popular in the 2000s when cellular phones became common. Throughout the world, SMS is the most used telecommunications service application. According to CITA's Wireless Industry Survey, over 1 trillion text messages were sent using SMS across the GSM network in the US during 2008. Today, you can also send text messages using free online services.

Instructions

Send SMS Now

1. Go to Send SMS Now.

2. Click "Select Country" and choose the destination country.

3. Enter the phone number next to your chosen country.

4. Enter your message in the "Message" box.

5. Click "Send SMS."

Online Text Message

6. Go to Online Text Message.

7. Enter the phone number beneath "Mobile Number (to):".

8. Enter your email address beneath "Your E-Mail address."

9. Select the destination carrier from the "Select Carrier:" dropdown list.

10. Enter your message beneath "Enter Message:".

11. Click "Send Message" to send your text.

Free SMS Frog

12. Go to Free SMS Frog.

13. Choose your destination country from the "Select the land:" dropdown menu.

14. Enter the phone number, without the 0, beneath "To phone number."

15. Enter your message in the "Your Message:" box.

16. Click "Step 2."

17.Enter the authentication code to prove you aren't a robot.

18. Click the banner to send your message.

Tags: Enter your, phone number, your message, Enter phone, Enter phone number, Enter your message, Message Click

Test Capacitors In Circuit

Electrolytic capacitors are often polarized, although some are specifically designed to be nonpolar.

Most electronic appliances have a capacitor or two. Even the simplest electronic function can benefit from a capacitor, simply to provide balanced power and signal. Capacitors are used for many other functions in electronic devices and can sometimes fail due to extensive use or inappropriate operation. Some are polarized, others are nonpolarized. Either way, you can quickly test to confirm proper function within a electronic circuit.

Instructions

1. Confirm the orientation of the suspect capacitor by identifying if it is polarized or not. Most polarized capacitors will be clearly marked with a "-" symbol and a guide as to which lead is negative.

2. Use the common test probe clip on the negative lead of the capacitor if the capacitor is polarized. If the capacitor is not polarized, it does not matter which lead the common test probe clip is attached to.

3. Connect the live test probe clip to the other lead of the capacitor and set the capacitance meter to the nearest rounded-up setting in comparison to what the capacitor is rated for. Turn on the capacitance meter.

4. Note the reading given by the capacitance meter. The capacitor will typically indicate somewhere on its packaging the tolerance within which it should stay. Most capacitors operate within 20 percent plus or minus of their listed rating.

5. Use the soldering iron to remove and replace the capacitor in the circuit if the reading is outside of the capacitor's tolerance.

Tags: capacitance meter, probe clip, test probe, test probe clip, capacitor polarized

Build A Light Box For Products

If you are an artist or a craftsman, you will find many uses for a light box. A light box is easy and fun to build and even more fun to use for your photography projects---specifically, the pictures that you take of products you want to sell. Either for professional or amateur sales, a light box is definitely the way to go to show off all of the intricate details of your items.

Instructions

1. Lay three of the poster board sheets end to end. Use the masking tape to tape the sheets together at the seams. The tape is flexible, so it will act as a sort of hinge. Turn the two end sheets up 90 degrees to the center piece.

2. Use the two additional poster board sheets to create a five-sided box by using the masking tape to attach them. Don't use the masking tape on the inside of the box unless it is pure white like the poster board.

3. Clip the desk lamps on the edges of the box facing inward to get the light effect that you want. You can use different wattage or different colors to get the light effects that you want.

Tags: masking tape, poster board, board sheets, poster board sheets, that want

What Does An Epc Transmission Switch Do

Although all vehicles use EPC switches, they prove more useful in trucks due to towing requirements.

The electronic pressure control (EPC) transmission switch controls the EPC unit, which regulates the hydraulic pressure in your automatic transmission. This regulation allows the transmission to change its resistance levels when the engine begins to work harder. With greater pressure, the engine has to work harder to shift the gears, which prevents it from running up against its redline. Conversely, when the engine is under load, the pressure is reduced by the EPC so the engine works less on having to moving the transmission gears and can use its energy to move the load.

Automatic Transmissions

Within your automatic transmission there is a clutch (or two clutches in the case of a dual clutch transmission) that engages the gears (the number of gears will depend on your make and model of car). Hydraulic pressure pushes the clutch forward and back. The pressure is adjusted via a hydraulic pump and changing the spring rate on a solenoid.

EPC Solenoid

The EPC solenoid (a electrically moved diaphragm) bleeds off pressure from the transmission, thus increasing the amount of work the hydraulic pump has to do to push or pull the clutch. This bleeding reduces excessive internal hydraulic pressure in order to prevent damage inside the transmission. While it may seem contradictory to intentionally increase the work an engine has to do, the goal is to keep the engine in its powerband. A powerband is a range of revolutions per minute (RPM) in which an engine performs best. By making the engine work more to pump the hydraulics, the EPC solenoid causes the engine to artificially stay within its powerband.

Modification

The EPC transmission switch is normally not user accessible. Only mechanics or professional drivers should modify the EPC switch settings. The switches are modified to increase or decrease the resistance of the solenoid so that it opens at different settings. The EPC monitors the airflow coming into the engine, the engine RPMs and throttle position.

Accessibility

On older cars the EPC switch can be modified with a screwdriver, but many older cars simply do not allow this switch to be changed. It is very easy to damage your car by changing these settings, either by having too much pressure and blowing out the walls of the transmission or by having too little and causing the clutch to get stuck in gear. On newer cars the EPC switch is software-based, meaning you need specific diagnostic equipment to interface with the car's computer.

Tags: automatic transmission, cars switch, engine work, hydraulic pump, older cars, transmission switch, when engine

Compare Plasma Tvs

Boasting about your plans to buy a new plasma TV can make you look a fool in front of your buddies if you don't know what you are talking about. Plasma TVs are different from other TVs. For starters, the term "plasma" denotes gases like neon and xenon, which have a tendency to glow in the presence of an electric field. When selecting a plasma TV, here are some things to consider:

Instructions

1. Check the reputation of the brand. Currently, the market offers two types of Plasma TV-High Definition (HDTV) and Enhanced Definition (EDTV).

2. Compare the array of screen sizes by the different companies. Screen size is one of the major factors in choosing the right model. Consider the size of your room when selecting screen size. Be careful when choosing a TV with larger screen size. The picture resolution might not be as good.

3. Consider the aspect ratio of the model you are choosing. The width to height ratio is usually 16:9. Horizontal stretching of the picture is likely for all LCD TVs with an aspect ratio width of 16:9.

4. Select your plasma TV according to its audio system. Some Plasma TVs have in-built speakers while others need additional audio systems. Built-in speakers might consume more wattage than externally attached audio systems.

5. Understand the difference between EDTV and HDTV. EDTV plasma TVs are cheaper, but display at a lower resolution then HDTV sets.

6. Compare portability, weight, scalability and integration, picture quality and audio options when deciding between plasma TVs with almost the same specifications.

7. Compare prices. EDTV models are more expensive than HDTV. Prices of LCD TVs vary with brand, features and company promotions. Some companies offer buyback and exchange packages.

Tags: aspect ratio, audio systems, screen size

Refresh Nimh Batteries

Refresh Nimh Batteries

NiMH batteries, or nickel metal-hydride batteries are one of the most renowned rechargeable batteries on the market today, because they are said to outlast most other rechargeable batteries. They are also beneficial for the environment because of their charging capabilities. You can get over 1,000 uses out of these batteries if you take care of them properly. The batteries might need a quick refresher, especially if they have been in storage for awhile, so they will properly hold a charge.

Instructions

1. Use the digital multimeter as described in the instruction manual to test the voltage of each battery you wish to refresh.

2. Make sure the voltage reads 1.0 volt or lower for each cell. If the voltage is 1.2 volts per cell, then the battery just needs to be charged.

3. Touch the red cable alligator clip of the AC adaptor to the positive end of the battery.

4. Touch the black cable alligator clip of the AC adaptor to the negative end of the battery.

5. Hold for three seconds.

6. Take the AC adaptor away from the battery.

7. Test the voltage again with the digital multimeter. If the voltage is the same, repeat this process again. Sometimes it takes two or three shockings to revive a battery. If the voltage is still the same after trying this process three times, the battery needs to be replaced. The voltage should rise to only 1.2 volts per cell after shocking.

8. Let the batteries rest for 10 to 15 minutes before attempting to use them. If the batteries are not working, charge them as usual with the battery charger.

Tags: alligator clip, alligator clip adaptor, cable alligator, cable alligator clip, clip adaptor, digital multimeter

Send A Text Message On A Cell Phone

Text messaging is a popular way to communicate noiselessly by cell phone. Texting is easy once you know how your phone functions and get used to the correspondence between the phone's number buttons and the alphabet. To send a text message from your cell phone, follow these steps.

Instructions

1. Open or turn on your phone. Some phones will offer messaging as an option from the main screen. If not, press the button that will take you to the menu screen.

2. Select "Messaging" or "Messages" from the menu screen.

3. Choose "Send a message." Some phones will give you the option of sending a voice message or a text message. Text messages might be labeled "SMS message" on older phones.

4. Look at your phone. The screen should be blank with a blinking cursor. This is where you begin your text message. Look at your number pad. Each number, beginning with 2, has a set of letters underneath it. This is how you type your message.

5. Hit the number of the letter you'd like to type several times until the letter you want appears. For example, if you'd like to type the letter "c" press the 2 button 3 times. If you press it enough times, it should cycle through lowercase and uppercase letters.

6. Finish typing your message and hit "Enter." Your phone will ask you to enter the number of your recipient. Sometimes, you'll be asked to input the number before you type your message.

7. Hit the "Send" button and you're done.

Tags: text message, your message, cell phone, like type, Look your

Upload Videos From A Video Camera To A Computer

Upload video footage from your camcorder to your computer, without expensive tools.

It doesn't take an extremely fast computer or any expensive equipment to upload videos to your computer. Chances are, your computer is equipped with just the right tools to handle the job. With the help of your computer's FireWire or video capture card, and Windows Movie Maker, you can quickly and efficiently upload videos from a camcorder to your computer.

Instructions

1. Load your video tape into the camera. Set your video camera to "playback" mode, then cue up the video tape to the point where you'd like to begin uploading.

2. Install your video camera's software driver on your computer. After the software has installed, connect your camera to your computer via either FireWire or an analog video cable, such as composite video or S-video. The analog cable type you use will depend on the video ports you have on the camera and your computer.

3. Launch the Windows Movie Maker application on your computer. Click on the "Capture from Video Device" option, located under the "Task" heading in Movie Maker. The Video Capture wizard will appear.

4. Enter a name for your video in the first field of the wizard and select a folder location to store your video, using the second field. Click "Next" to continue to the "Capture Method" sub-menu. Select the first option to upload the whole video tape, or the second option to capture only parts of the tape. Click "Next" to continue to the "Video Capture" sub-menu.

5. Click on the "Start Capture" button and hit "Play" or "Playback" on your video camera to begin uploading your video. Click the "Stop Capture" button to end the upload. Your video files will be stored in the folder location you designated in the previous step.

Tags: your computer, your video, camera your, Movie Maker, video tape, your video camera, begin uploading

Send Yahoo! Maps To A Cell Phone

Yahoo! Maps not only makes it easy to print basic maps and driving directions from the Web or an email inbox, but also lets you import maps to your cell phone. If you'd rather save paper and just send your travel directions or maps right to your cell, here's how.

Instructions

Send Yahoo! Maps to a Cell Phone

1. Turn on your computer and get online.

2. Load the Yahoo! Maps homepage (see Resources below).

3. Enter your starting and ending addresses under "Get Map and Directions" for driving directions, or type the address for a basic map under "Find on the Map." Click "Go" and watch your map load.

4. Click the "Send" button. A pull-down menu will appear.

5. Click on the "Send to Phone" option. A small form will appear.

6. Enter your email address (when sending to individuals other than yourself).

7. Type the cell phone number you wish to send the map to.

8. Hit "Clear" if you make a mistake. Otherwise, click "Send."

9. View the confirmation box to ensure the message was successfully sent. If there were any errors, Yahoo will instruct you on find a solution.

10. Click "OK" to end the process.

Retrieve Maps From a Cell Phone

11. Turn on your cell phone.

12. Confirm the receipt of a text message.

13. Click the message to open it; your directions or map will automatically load.

Tags: Yahoo Maps, your cell, Cell Phone Turn, driving directions, Enter your

Toshiba Tv Repair Problems

Toshiba has been making electronics for as long as electronics have been made, basically. Its founding companies were responsible for innovations with X-ray tubes and radio transmissions tubes. Today, Toshiba manufactures dozens of models of televisions, including 3-D sets, plasma screens, LCD screens and combination TV/DVD sets.

Warranties

You may have bought your Toshiba television from a retailer that offers third-party warranty coverage. However, Toshiba offers manufacturer warranties dependent on the make and model. The warranty information is included in the user guide. You can check your specific user guide online by visiting the Toshiba Support website (see Resources). Click "Product Support" and enter the information about your particular television for full warranty information to cover repairs.

Support Bulletins

From time to time, Toshiba releases bulletins to announce issues that have been discovered with the company's televisions, some of which might require repair. To see a full list of support bulletins, visit the Toshiba Support site and click on "Product Support." On the main page, click the link for "View Latest Support Bulletins (all products)," then choose to refine the search by "TVs." Every product announcement for the past few years will be listed.

Consumer Notices

In addition to the intermittent support bulletins, Toshiba will occasionally release consumer notices for specific products. These consumer notices are accessible on the Toshiba Support website, too. Click on "Product Support," then click on "Consumer Notices" under the heading "Televisions, DVD Players, Blu-ray Players, DVRs, Camcorders."

Tags: Product Support, Toshiba Support, Click Product, Click Product Support, have been, support bulletins

Increase Reception On An Xm Antenna

An XM satellite radio antenna has the singular responsibility of locking onto the satellite that beams music to the system. You can improve reception and get a stronger and more stable signal by placing the antenna on the roof. A few supplies from a hardware store and hobby shop are needed, but no special electrical or mechanical skills. Adult supervision is mandatory if someone underage is involved, since one must get on the roof to place the XM satellite radio antenna.

Instructions

1. Place the XM antenna on a clear spot on the roof of your home, taking care to keep it away from any TV antenna or other extrusions that could attract lightning. Secure the base of the antenna to the roof with screws driven into its base with an electric screwdriver.

2. Loosen the antenna's bracket by turning the knob. Aim the antenna so it has an unobstructed view of the southern sky. A compass will help you determine which direction is south. Tighten the knob to secure the bracket in this position.

3. Plug one end of the coaxial cable into the F-connector end of the F-connector to XM antenna connector. Plug the XM connector on the other end of the F-connector into the socket on the XM antenna.

4. Run the cable down the side of the house and into the house through a window. Plug the end of the coaxial cable into the F-connector end of the F-connector to XM antenna connector.

5. Plug the XM antenna connector end of the F-connector to XM antenna into the antenna input on the XM satellite receiver.

Tags: antenna connector, F-connector antenna, antenna connector Plug, antenna roof, cable into

Send An Sms In South Africa

Join a South African cell network to send international text messages.

Using SMS or "short messaging service" is known as "texting" in the U.S. Sending a text from a cell phone in South Africa is much the same as sending one from home, but international texting can be expensive. If you are visiting South Africa and you want to avoid the international roaming charges imposed by your home service provider, you can text from a South African network for the duration of your trip.

Instructions

1. Purchase a cell phone handset when you arrive in South Africa, or use your existing phone if it is not locked to your home network. If your visit will be brief and you do not wish to buy a new phone, hire a handset at the airport.

2. Choose a mobile network from the four service providers in South Africa. Vodacom is the largest, followed by MTN, then Cell C and the most recent service, Virgin Mobile. Each provider's rates are similar, but choose the best deal for you depending on what you anticipate using your phone for while in South Africa. Consider whether you will be mostly sending texts, making calls, or using a lot of Internet data.

3. Buy a prepaid SIM card. This tiny chip is your key to getting connected. You can purchase a prepaid starter pack from a wide range of grocery stores, pharmacies and bookstores in South Africa from as little as 6 cents. Purchase directly from a retail outlet of your chosen service provider if you don't mind paying a little extra. There, you will have the convenience of a network employee on hand to answer your questions and offer assistance.

4. Insert the SIM card into your handset. This procedure will differ according to what type of phone you are using, but a store assistant should be able to help you perform this correctly. Remember, the SIM slot may be located under your phone's battery. Switch your phone on and follow the on-screen instructions to automatically register your SIM. You will receive a text message containing your new phone number, so save this or write it down.

5. Decide how much credit you would like to add to your phone account, and buy your first airtime top-up voucher. You can get this from the store where you purchased your SIM card, or alternatively from most convenience stores and gas stations. You can also top up your credit at an ATM using a debit or credit card.

6. Navigate through your handset menus to the SMS or text message option and select "send new message," or the equivalent command on your phone. Type your message, and enter the recipient's cell phone number. For an international text, remember to add 00 to the beginning of the number to send the message out of South Africa, followed by number 1, the U.S. dialing code. Press "send" to launch your first SMS from South Africa.

Tags: South Africa, your phone, cell phone, from South, international text

Install A Micro Sd In A Samsung Cellphone

Your Samsung cellphone stores pictures and other media on an SD or microSD card. When you install the microSD card into the phone, take care to install it properly to ensure communication between your phone and the card. Connect the phone to your computer to move files between the two devices.

Instructions

1. Turn the phone off. Locate the memory card slot on the side of the phone, or beneath the battery. Slide the back cover off of the phone and remove the battery to access the memory card slot.

2. Insert the microSD card into an SD card adapter, unless your Samsung model accepts direct microSD card insertion. Position the copper contacts away from you and facing down. Slide the card into the adapter.

3. Slide the adapter into the Samsung's memory card slot with the contacts on the memory card facing down and toward the phone. If your phone's memory card slot accommodates the microSD card, insert the card directly into the slot with the contacts facing down and toward the phone.

4. Replace the battery and back cover of the phone.

Tags: memory card, microSD card, card slot, memory card slot, card into, facing down, back cover

Sell Wholesale Pandora Jewelry

Sell Wholesale Pandora Jewelry

Pandora is a hot jewelry trend. In this article we'll show sell wholesale Pandora jewelry.

Instructions

1. To purchase wholesale Pandora jewelry to sell, companies will ask you to provide them your resale tax ID number online or they may ask you to fax a copy of your resale tax ID.

2. Many wholesale companies require buyers to purchase a minimum amount. You should know how much money you want to spend on wholesale Pandora jewelry before you shop.

3. A few possible wholesale sources for Pandora jewelry can be found below. You can also do an Internet search using the search term "Pandora wholesale," but beware. Some sites may appear to be wholesale at first glance, but really aren't. Remember--a true wholesale source will have different prices for resellers than for the general public and will require your resale tax ID.

4. Some wholesalers may not allow you to mix and match your Pandora jewelry styles in one order. If you have to buy 10 of the same Pandora design, you may not be able to sell them all. Which charms are the hottest-selling designs? How long will it take to receive your order? What if there are problems with the merchandise? Can you send it back for a full refund, or will the wholesaler send a replacement piece? Only do business with wholesale Pandora suppliers who can answer your questions so that you can make an informed decision.

5. Decide what your mark-up will be on Pandora jewelry and what your retail price will be. The average retail mark-up on jewelry can be as high as 65 percent to 100 percent.

6. In order to sell Pandora and be successful, you should determine who your customers are and how they like to buy. If your target market is made up of working women, for example, you might build a website and sell Pandora online so customers have the convenience of buying any time. If your target market is bargain shoppers, an eBay store may work well for you. If you think teenage girls will be your best market, you might give away some free Pandora jewelry to the trendsetting teens in a local high school on the condition that they tell everyone where they got them.

7. Be sure to wear your Pandora jewelry everywhere you go. Leave a trail of business cards featuring a picture of your Pandora jewelry in every place you visit. Donate a few pieces of Pandora jewelry to your favorite local charitable organizations in exchange for advertising your business to their supporters.

Tags: Pandora jewelry, Pandora jewelry, wholesale Pandora, your Pandora, your Pandora jewelry