8mm Projector Troubleshooting

An 8mm film should be seen, not left to rot.

An 8mm movie has sprocket holes that the projector uses to keep the film moving correctly through the path of the light that projects the image. The film gate and take-up reel can stop working correctly due to age and so cause the movie to jump and stutter as it plays. Cleaning these parts of the 8mm projector can alleviate this problem so that the 8mm film runs smoothly through the projector.

Cleaning the Film Gate

Make sure the 8mm projector is turned off and unplugged. Remove the screws that hold the film gate to the 8mm projector. Put the screws to the side. Carefully pick up the film gate by the edges and blow off any dirt that is adhering to it with a camel's hair brush. Wipe the film gate off very carefully using a lint-free cloth. Take a Q-tip that has been lightly moistened with rubbing alcohol and clean around the edges of the film gate.

Blow any dust off of the area where the film gate was removed from the 8mm projector using a camel's hair brush. Take a Q-tip and lightly moisten it with rubbing alcohol. Use the Q-tip to clean around the edges where the film gate was removed. Replace the film gate and put back in all of the screws after the alcohol has dried from both the film gate and the area where it was taken out of.

Cleaning the Take-Up Reel

Remove the screws that hold the film hub to the take-up reel of the 8mm projector. Put the screws aside. Blow off any dirt on the outside or inside of the hub and then clean it using a lint-free cloth. Take a Q-tip that has been lightly moistened with rubbing alcohol and clean around the edges of the film hub.

Clean the area of the take up reel that has been exposed by removing the film hub with a lint free cloth. Clean around the edges as well using a Q-tip that has been lightly moistened with rubbing alcohol.

Replace the film hub on the take up reel once the alcohol has dried from both the film hub and the area where the film hub was removed from. Put the screws back in to hold the film hub in position.

Checking Playback

Turn on the 8mm projector's motor to make sure the take up reel turns freely. Turn off the motor. Put an 8mm film on the projector's holding reel and thread the 8mm film through the projector's film gate. Attach the loose end of the 8mm film to the hub of the take-up reel and adjust the tension so that the film is taut going through the film gate.

Turn on the 8mm projector's motor and advance the film so that it is moving through the film gate. Watch to see that the film is moving freely through the gate and being picked up by the take-up reel correctly. Rewind the film back to the beginning. Turn on the bulb and advance the film.

Tags: film gate, around edges, rubbing alcohol, that been, with rubbing, with rubbing alcohol, area where

Hook Up Tv Ears

TV Ears lets people to listen to TVs, MP3 players and radios at a level that is convenient and pleasant and won't disturb others. They are comfortable and lightweight, have a rechargeable battery, and can be adjusted to the level that works best for you. They can be especially useful to those who have hearing problems. TV Ears work with every type of TV and can be moved from TV to TV or to other devices in the home.

Instructions

1. Unwrap the TV Ears from the packaging and lay out the parts on a flat surface in front of you.

2. Find the audio output ports on the back or side of your TV. Plug the black end of the TV Ears cord into the TV transmitter socket on the black transmission box that comes with TV Ears.

3. Plug the black and red plugs into the audio output sockets of the TV set. Don't use any plugs on the front of the TV.

4. Remove the AC adapter that came with the TV Ears package and plug it into an electrical outlet. Plug the other end into the 12-volt jack on the transmitter.

5. Place the transmitter 4 to 6 feet from the floor on a stable surface. Face the infrared site toward the place you will be sitting, and make sure that the front of the box isn't blocked.

6. Charge the headset in the base of the transmitter for at least an hour before you use it. When the headset is charged, put on the earphones and adjust them until they are comfortable.

7. Make sure that the volume is off or low. Slowly raise the volume until it is just right. If necessary, adjust the tone.

8. Turn the TV Ears off when you remove them. Place them in the front charging slot of the transmitter so they'll be ready and charged when you want to use them again.

Tags: audio output, level that, Plug black, sure that, with Ears

Convert A Canon 75300 Telephoto Lens Into A Wide Angle

A wide-angle converter will help you capture shots like this one.

The Canon 75-300 mm telephoto zoom lens is an excellent lens for capturing shots at a distance. The long, 300 mm end of the lens allows you to get the shot you're looking for but can't get close to. The wider, 75 mm end of the lens still allows you to capture portraits or shots of closer objects. However, if you're looking to go even wider than 75 mm, you can attach a wide-angle converter, which screws on the front of the lens and alters the lens' angle of view.

Instructions

1. Attach the Canon 75-300mm lens to your Canon SLR or DSLR camera. To do this, line up the red dots on the lens and the body, insert the lens into the lens mount and turn it one quarter-turn clockwise to lock it in place.

2. Turn on you camera using the power button.

3. Zoom the lens all the way out to the 75 mm end.

4. Look through the viewfinder to see the lens' current angle of view.

5. Screw your wide-angle converter onto the front of the lens. Start gently, allowing the converter's threads to catch on the front filter mount on their own. If you force it, you may strip the filter threads, which can be difficult and expensive to repair.

6. Look through the viewfinder again, noticing the different in the angle of view.

7. Adjust your exposure to the proper setting for the scene you are shooting and press the shutter button to take a photograph, shooting as your normally would.

Tags: angle view, wide-angle converter, front lens, Look through, Look through viewfinder

Cited Format Explanations For Mla Works

MLA, or Modern Language Association of America, format is one of the major manuscript formats for writers in the humanities. The guidebook gives precise format guidelines and examples for specific sections of a paper. The works cited section of a paper is the place in which the writer lists the works referred to in the body of the paper. Different types of works have different formatting rules.

Basic Format

Always begin your works cited page on a separate page at the end of the research paper. Center the words "Works Cited" at the top of the page, without the quotation marks. Double space all citations, but do not skip lines between entries. Indent the second and following lines of each citation five spaces to create a hanging indentation.Use italics for longer works such as books and magazines and quotations for articles, stories and poems.

Books

For the works cited page, books are listed alphabetically by author's name. They should read, Last name, First name. Title of book in italics. Place of publication:Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.

If more than one author, list the second author First Name Last Name. For instance, Doe, John, and Jane Doe.

If an author has more than one book listed in works cited, list them alphabetically with the second book beginning with a three hyphens and a period, then list title. Leave off second mention of author's name; the hyphen takes the place of author's name in that case.

If a book is written by a corporation or organization, list that group in place of author in italics. If no author is listed, work the entry in alphabetically by title, beginning the listing with the title.

If the book was translated, list the book normally, but following the title, add Trans. and author's name first name first. Similarly, if the book is a specific edition, add that edition number or date after title, and if it was prepared by an editor or editors, add that information following title for example, Ed. John Doe.

Periodicals

To cite an article in a magazine, list as follows: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of periodical in italics. Day Month Year:pages. Medium of publication. Be sure to abbreviate the month.

Newspaper articles are cited the same way, with few exceptions. Pages will include number and section, such as A3. If there is an early and late edition of the paper, include that info after the date. If it's a lesser known or smaller paper, include the city and state following the title, in brackets.

For a review, list the review author, the review title, then Rev. of Title of Performance or Work, authors or directors of work, then publication information as typically listed. List and editorial or letter to the editor as any other newspaper listing but include the word Letter or Editorial following the author. For an anonymous article, begin the listing with the title.

Electronic Sources

For web publications, the MLA no longer requires the use of URLS in works cited pages. For web publications, you will use the abbreviations n.d. when no date is available, and n.p. to indicate no publisher is listed, and n. pag. to indicate no page number listed.

To cite an entire website, list it as follows: Author, or editor or compiler name, if available. Name of site in italics. Name of institution, organization or publisher if available. Medium of publication. Date of access or publication if available.

To cite an image such as a work of art, list the artist's name, the work's title in italics, the institution and city where the work is housed. Website in italics. Web. Date of access. If if the image is online only, then use regular website citation method.

To cite an article in a scholarly journal that appears in print as well as online, cite it as you would a print article, then follow that information with the medium (Web) and date of access. To cite e-mail, list author, subject line as title, and who the message was sent to, the date of the message and E-mail. For instance, Clark, Julie. "Re: Tree Frogs." Message to Kate Johnson. 1 Dec. 2007. E-mail.

Other Works

For a personal, unpublished interview you conduct, write the entry as follows: Name of interviewed person last name first. Personal interview. Date.

For a published or broadcast interview, list the interviewed person's name, the title of the interview in quotes, the larger work it is a part of in italics, and follow the format for the medium the interviews appears in. If the interview is not part of a larger work, then the title is italicized rather than put in quotations.

For speeches or lectures, list by speaker, then title of speech, the event the speech is given at, the location and date. Finally denote the type of speech, such as Keynote Address, Guest Lecture or Reading, for example. If the speech is published, then cite as a book.

For films in theaters, list by title, director, film studio or distributor and release year. Medium. For those on DVD, list the same way, with medium as DVD. For broadcast television, list by episode title, series, network name, call letters of the station, date of broadcast. Medium.

Tags: author name, works cited, following title, name first, cite article, Date access

What Is The Difference Between A Micro Sd Picture Card & An Xdpicture Card

Most digital photo devices now require a memory card. The Secure Digital (SD) card can be found in several sizes. The Micro SD picture card is the smallest of them all. The xD-Picture Card is the oldest of all memory cards.

Manufacturer

The xD-Picture Card was first manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd. and Olympus Optical Co. Ltd. as a combined effort in 2002. SanDisk introduced the micro SD card in 2005.

Dimensions

The micro SD card is 15 mm high, 11 mm wide and 1 mm thick, about one-fourth the size of the standard SD card. The xD-Picture Card is much larger, measuring 20 mm high, 25 mm wide and 1.7 mm thick.

Capacity

Both the xD-Picture Card and the micro SD card are available with storage capacity up to 2 GB. High-capacity versions of the micro SD card have storage capacity up to 32 GB, as of September 2010.

Compatibility

The micro SD picture card is primarily used in cell phones. The cards can be used with anything that is SD-capable but they usually require an adaptor. The xD-Picture Card was made specifically for digital cameras as a portable storage device. It was manufactured to be the only card used with Fuji and Olympus digital devices. In 2008 Fuji and Olympus made their devices compatible with both SD and xD cards.

Tags: xD-Picture Card, micro card, Fuji Olympus, high wide, high wide thick, picture card

Take Pictures With A Webcam

Take self-portraits with your webcam.

A webcam supplements communication with family and friends. It's often used for video chatting. But you could use your webcam to take pictures, as well.

Instructions

1. Make sure your webcam is connected to the USB port of your computer, installed appropriately, and the computer is on and ready.

2. Navigate to the "Start" menu and type "webcam" (without quotes) in the Search field. If you've previously installed webcam software, the program should appear in the search results. Double-click the selection to launch the webcam application.

3. From the webcam dialog, select the "Quick Capture" icon (the example is for Logitech software, but other applications have similar functions with different names).

4. Position the camera and person or object that you want to photo capture. Select the desired resolution from the drop-down menu. Click "Take Photo" to take a photograph.

5. Browse to the picture destination to view your photo. Now that your photo is stored on your computer, you can email or print it.

Tags: your webcam, your computer, your photo

Tips On Using Fill Flash

A fill flash is a simple yet effective way to improve the quality of photographs. Virtually every camera has manual flash setting. This allows you to trigger the flash even when there is plenty of ambient light. This manual flash illuminates otherwise dark areas of a picture. A fill flash is handy when there are annoying shadows, the sun is high in the sky or the background is much brighter than the subjects of the photograph.

Instructions

1. Adjust your camera for a fill flash. Set your camera for manual adjustments. Find the button or switch that controls the flash. Scroll through the flash menu until you find a symbol of a lightning bolt with an arrow at the bottom. If it is standing by itself your camera will flash regardless of the lighting conditions. This is a fill flash. Do not use the setting with the lighting bolt crossed out or the lighting bolt with an "A." These are the "don't flash" and "automatic" settings.

2. Use a fill flash to brighten faces. It is common to have plenty of light for a photograph but poor lighting directly on a person's face. The result is a shadowy portrait. Use a fill flash when you want to highlight expressions or reveal facial details. If you are not sure whether a fill flash is called for, take one photo with it and one without. This will quickly teach you when to use a fill flash.

3. Cast away shadows with a fill flash. If your subject is between conflicting light sources it will result in conflicting shadows. This also happens if your subject is obscured beneath branches of a tree. A fill flash gets rid of these shadows in an instant. Make sure that you are within 15 feet of your subject. If you are any farther away most of the light from the fill flash will dissipate.

4. Compensate for an inconveniently placed sun with a fill flash. At high noon the sun is pretty much directly overhead. This causes "raccooning" on faces. That is when a shadow from the upper brow is cast around the eyes and people look like raccoons. A fill flash fills in the eye sockets with light. Similar shadows are cast by cheek bones, noses and hair when the sun is at various angles to the face. A fill flash compensates for all of them.

5. Make your subjects stand out against an unusually bright background. When bright sunlight or artificial light bounces off a shiny surface but not directly on your subjects, anything in the foreground will look like a silhouette. This can happen in front of a canyon wall, a light-colored building or a neon sign at night. A fill flash brightens the subjects in the foreground while allowing the background to retain its brilliance. It focuses attention on objects that are closer to the camera.

Tags: fill flash, fill flash, your camera, your subject, bolt with, camera manual, fill flash your

Test The 4g On An Evo

Sprint's HTC EVO was one of the first 4G capable smart phones.

Sprint released the HTC Evo 4G capable phone in June of 2010. The phone has a 4.3 inch multi-touch screen and shipped with Google's Android 2.1 operating system. Sprint delivered Android 2.2 over the air in August of 2010. It operates using CDMA technology with a WiMAX 4G antenna to get 4G speeds. WiMAX provides broadband speed data access for 4G phones.

Instructions

1. Determine if your area supports Sprint's 4G network. Sprint provides a coverage map on their website to allow you to determine if 4G cell towers exist in your area or when to expect their construction.

2. Enable 4G on the phone. Click the "Menu" button and select "Settings." Click "Wireless and Networks" and scroll down to 4G. Press the check box to turn on the 4G antenna. When a 4G network is detected the phone connects and an icon indicating 4G connectivity appears in the information bar at the top of the screen.

3. Test 4G speeds. Several websites provide speed testing applications to determine the capabilities of the Evo. Speedtest.net, Speakeasy.net, and Bandwidthplace.com each permit you to test the phone using the test node closest to your position. Browse to one of the websites using the built-in Web browser. Each website runs through a series of tests to determine upload speeds and download speeds. A number of factors determine average speed of the phone, including whether or not you are in a building when you perform the test.

Tags: your area

Are Canon Xti Lenses Compatible With Canon Ef Lenses

Canon camera kits may come with lenses included. The XTi kit comes with a specific lens in the EF-S series. Canon also makes a wide variety of lenses in the EF series that work with Rebel models. But an EF-S lens will not fit on a camera with an EF lens mount. Therefore Canon XTi EF-S lenses are not fully compatible with Canon EF lenses.

Canon XTi

The Cano XTi nomenclature describes a specific camera kit that includes the model EOS Digital Rebel 400D camera body, a battery pack with a protective cover, a battery charger with a power cord, a computer interface cable, a video cable to attach it to a TV set or video recorder, a shoulder strap, a CD-ROM software package to load into a computer, a CD-ROM instruction manual, a pocket guide for quick starting and warranty cards for the camera and lens. The kit also includes an EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 lens.

EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 Lens

The EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 lens that comes in the XTi kit zooms from 18mm to 55mm. At 18mm, the wide-angle quality of the lens concentrates a wider field of vision into the picture. As you zoom out to 55mm, the field of vision becomes smaller but does not magnify the image. At 55mm, the lens performs with the same field of vision as the human eye. Although the lens will only work specific Rebel models, the EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 USM provides the same features for other Canon EF-S cameras.

EF and EF-S Compatibility

All EF lenses attach to a camera by turning them into specially designed mounts. All have electrical contacts to control the automatic focus and lens opening or aperture controls. An EF-S lens attaches to a camera that has a smaller sensor, and provides optimized performance in lighter, more compact models. Camera and lens mounts are specifically designed to allow only EF lenses on EF cameras, but to allow EF or EF-S lenses on EF-S cameras. Because camera model and lens features change often, check with Canon for up-to-date lens compatibility.

Lens Options

The focal length of a lens tells how concentrated the picture will be, with the larger number having more magnification. Canon EF zoom type lenses range in various stages from 10mm, often called fish-eye for wide-angle, up to 400mm for telephoto. Fixed lenses range from 14mm wide-angle to 1,200mm for long-range telephoto. Remove a Canon lens by pressing the lens release button then turning it counter-clockwise. Install a lens by first aligning the lens index marks then turning it clockwise until it snaps in place. EF-S cameras and lenses have white alignment marks and EF have red.

Tags: EF-S 18-55mm, EF-S cameras, field vision, 18-55mm lens, camera that, Canon EF-S

The Chroma Key Process

The Chroma Key Process

History and Use

Larry Butler invented the chroma key process for the 1940 movie "Thief of Baghdad." He was acknowledged for his achievement with an Academy Award in special effects. The process has been constantly improved and refined in the following decades.

The technique is commonly used in movies and television. If you've ever watched your local weatherman give the forecast, you've seen the chroma key process in action. Likewise, chroma keying is used heavily in movies that have a lot of special effects. For example, many of the locales in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy were computer rendered and then combined with green screen shots of the actors. Many sketch comedy and late night comedy shows use chroma keying in sketches. For example, Conan O'Brien has used the technique to insert a moving background behind his desk to make it appear as though he is "driving" his desk around.

Shooting the Subject

In the first part of the chroma key process, the camera films a subject in front of a blue or green screen. This is why chroma keying is often referred to as "green screen" or "blue screen." The green or blue screen acts as a blank space that is filled in later. The subject cannot wear any clothing that matches the color of the screen. If so, the clothing will be keyed out with the rest of the background.

Lighting

When shooting for chroma key, the production crew uses even lighting. It's important to avoid shadows and variations in brightness on the background in order to preserve an even color for the keying process. If parts of the background become too light or dark, those parts may move outside of the color range for the chroma key.

Adding the Second Video Layer

To complete the chroma key process, the editor inserts alternate video in place of the keyed-out background. This can be done in real time or completed in post production using digital-compositing software. In a real-time situation such as a weather broadcast, the production crew combines the shot of the weatherman with the background image using two separate video channels. They combine these channels together in real time using a digital video switching system to obtain the completed shot. In post-production, the editor uses digital editing software to create a matte out of the green screen shot and then insert the background image as a separate layer.

Additionally, the chroma key process may be used to create an entire shot or only part of the shot. For example, a filmmaker may shoot an actor with a couple of actual props, but also use the chroma key process to fill in the rest of the shot. Sometimes, the process includes the props as well. For example, an actor may hold a green ball that is transformed into a glowing orb using chroma key.

Increasing Sophistication

Due to technological advancements, chroma key technology is constantly becoming more versatile. Now, computers can process camera motion in a chroma key shot. This makes it possible for the keyed-in background to realistically match the movement of the camera, creating a realistic effect.

Tags: chroma process, green screen, chroma keying, background image, blue screen, process camera

Use Itunes With An Ipod

Using iTunes with an iPod is not difficult since iTunes are designed for iPods. Your iPod can use iTunes as well as other MP3 files with ease. Below is a list of steps to help you use iTunes with an iPod.

Instructions

1. Turn on your computer and open your iTunes program.

2. Now connect your iPod with your FireWire. You should have received a compatible cord for connecting your computer to your iPod when you purchased it. Connect the cord to your iPod and then connect it to a USB port on your computer.

3. Use the "Set Up Assistant" to enter in a name for your iPod and select "Automatic Update" option if you want to put all of your songs on to your iPod. "Automatic Update" will allow you to update your iPod easily every time you add songs to iTunes.

4. Click on "Register" your iPod and enter in your product information on the iTunes Web site.

5. Click on "Done," which is located at the bottom of the box, and you will receive a message saying that your iPod is being updated.

6. When the update is finished, click on the "Eject iPod" button on the bottom of the page. You will be instructed to remove the iPod when it is safe to do so.

7. Unplug the FireWire from your computer first and then disconnect the wire from your iPod carefully.

Tags: your iPod, your computer, your iPod, Automatic Update, from your, iPod when

Install A Sirius S50

Sirius offers portable and versatile products such as the Sirius S50. Installation is simple and can be done with a car docking unit. Upon installation, the S50 can save up to 50 hours of programming as well as learn your favorite programs.

Identification

The Sirius S50 is a satellite media player that learns the user's favorite programs, songs or artists with a click of a button. There includes a fast forward or rewind button to search through live programming.

Identification

Set up the car docking unit by using one of two methods: use the adhesive mount or clip it to an A/C vent. Make sure the media player does not obstruct your view, but you also want a location for easy access. The S50 will now click into the dock. The installation of the Sirius antenna is simple, too. The adhesive antenna should be placed 6 inches from the rear of the car. Avoid possible obstructions. The S50 should be fully usable.

Considerations

The S50 installation manual quickly maps out the best way to install the S50. For instance, antenna position may very according to the user's car. Refer to the manual for any questions that may arise.

Tags: docking unit, favorite programs, media player

Adjust A Car Audio Amplifier

Car audio amplifiers make all your music sound better--stronger, richer, and with more detail. How you adjust the settings of the amplifier will have a lot to do with how good your car audio system sounds. By following a few simple principles, you can have sound in your car that's clean, accurate and well-balanced.

Instructions

1. Adjust the gain control. Turn the gain control (sometimes called "level") on your amp all the way to the left, or 0. Put a CD into your car stereo (or use another audio source, if necessary). Set the volume of the stereo to about 75 percent. Slowly turn the gain control up until you detect distortion in the music at loud volumes. Slowly back down the gain control until the distortion disappears.

2. Adjust the high-pass filter. High-pass filters take out low frequencies. This is useful if you have a subwoofer in your vehicle. In a system like this, the subwoofer plays the low frequencies, while the other speakers in your system handle the mids and highs. If you don't have a subwoofer, set the high-pass filter to "off" or its lowest setting. If you have a subwoofer, turn the filter on, and while listening to music gradually move the setting up by turning the dial to the right. Continue until there's a seamless blend between the tones produced by the subwoofer and the music being played by the other speakers in your system.

3. Adjust the low-pass filter. Low-pass filters take out high frequencies. This is also useful if you have a subwoofer in your vehicle. You'll use the low-pass filter to eliminate high notes from being played by the subwoofer, so the speaker can concentrate on playing bass only. If you have a subwoofer, turn the filter on, and while listening to music gradually move the setting up by turning the dial to the right. Continue until there's a good blend between the subwoofer and the other speakers, and the subwoofer is not reproducing any of the midrange frequencies.

4. Set the bass boost. A bass boost adds extra amplification to low frequencies being sent to a subwoofer by the amplifier. If you want extra lows in your music, switch the bass boost on, and increase the setting until you get the amount of bass you want.

Tags: have subwoofer, gain control, bass boost, other speakers, being played

Take Photos Inside A Church

Digital SLRs often have high ISO ratings for taking indoor photos.

The ornate and decorated interiors of churches make great photographs but the lighting in a church is usually subdued or dark. That translates into a long shutter speed on your digital camera and camera shake unless you can use a tripod. Many churches ban the use of tripods and the alternative of boosting the "film speed" or ISO rating in your digital camera results in a very poor image with noise and random colored dots in any dark areas. Taking multiple images in quick succession and averaging the results is a simple way of reducing the noise.

Instructions

1. Set the ISO rating in the camera to its highest setting. If available, set the camera to take multiple images with one press of the shutter. Frame your picture and set your camera aperture so that the shutter speed is above 1/30 second.

2. Breathe slowly and depress the shutter button. Take at least three identical images without moving.

3. Open all three images in Photoshop. Select one as the base image and, holding the shift key, drag the thumbnails of the two remaining images as layers on top of that image. The shift key ensures that the images are reasonably aligned. Select all layers in the Layers tab by CTRL-clicking each one. Click "Edit: Auto Align Layers" and select "Auto" in the pop-up window. Click "OK."

4. Right click on one of the selected layers and choose "Convert to Smart Object." All layers will be absorbed into one Smart Object. Click "Layer: Smart Objects: Stack Mode: Median."

5. Zoom into the image and you find that you have a sharp photograph with minimal noise. The Median mode includes pixels that are common across most of the layers of the image which includes the items in the church but ignores the noisy pixels that vary from frame to frame.

Tags: digital camera, multiple images, pixels that, shutter speed, Smart Object, your digital

Copy Photos From A Computer To A Memory Card

Save pictures to a memory card.

If you have images stored on a computer, and you want to save and transfer those images onto another device, it is possible to do so with a variety of storage devices. External hard drives, USB flash drives and even memory cards are all options. A memory card functions just like a flash drive and is capable of saving data into its memory (just like a flash drive saves data onto its storage memory). However, in order to do so, you must have a memory card reader attached to the computer unless your computer has a built-in reader.

Instructions

1. Connect the memory card reader to your computer through the USB cable running out of the rear of the device.

2. Insert the memory card into the memory card reader. In a moment, the computer will state that it has detected a new, removable device.

3. Open the memory card reader's folder. A window will appear with all the files currently saved on the memory card.

4. Click and drag the photo or photos from the computer into the open memory card folder. The images may originate from any location on the system (it depends on where you saved the files).

5. Safely remove your device and the memory card.

Tags: memory card, card reader, memory card reader, memory card, flash drive, into memory, just like

Canon 1ds Mark Iii Vs Medium

Back in the days of film cameras, it was an accepted fact that medium format, which shot on larger size film, was superior to 35mm film for professional photography. Medium format's larger negative size resulted in crisper, more detailed enlargements. The digital revolution threatened to throw medium format on the dust heap of history, but medium format has entered the digital age. How do high-end DSLRs, like the Canon 1Ds Mark III, stand up to medium format?

Canon 1Ds Mark III

The Canon 1Ds Mark III is Canon's flagship digital SLR. It is a full-frame model SLR, meaning the digital sensor is the same size as 35mm film, so pixels are larger and there is less noise in the image. In addition, the 1Ds Mark III boasts a stunning 21 megapixel sensor and can shoot up to 5 frames per second. In their product literature, Canon often boasts that the 1Ds Mark III is as good as medium format.

Medium Format Digital Backs

Several companies make digital backs that can fasten onto medium format film cameras. One of the first companies to offer a digital back for a medium format camera was Kodak, who released a 16 megapixel digital back that could mount on a Contax 645. Hasselblad, one of the leaders in the medium format market, developed the CFV-39, a stunning 39 megapixel sensor for the Hasselblad V format cameras. The CF and CF-MS offered 22 and 39 megapixel sensors for Hasselblad cameras. All the Hasselblad digital backs have 48x36mm digital sensors, which are more than twice the size of a 35mm full frame sensor.

Medium Format Cameras

In 2009, Phase One, who has developed digital backs with up to 60 megapixel sensors for 645 style medium format cameras, announced a medium format camera, the 645DF, which was co-engineered with Mamiya, long a leader in 645 medium format film cameras. Retailing for $5999, the 645DF takes square aim at the leading 35mm DSLRs and is designed to seamlessly integrate with Phase One's P-series digital backs.

Leica S2

In 2008, Leica announced its S2 model camera, which attempts to bridge SLR and medium format cameras. The S2 is supposed to finally hit the market in fall 2009. Retailing for $22,995, the S2 sports a 37 megapixel sensor and 30x45mm sensor, which is 56 percent larger than a 35mm full frame sensor.

In Comparison

Though Canon's 1Ds Mark III, with its 21 megapixel full frame sensor, can take stunning photos and has a wide variety of Canon lenses available, for unmatched image quality, medium format digital is still the way to go, assuming you can afford it, which is the big issue. Canon's 1Ds Mark III is $6999. Medium format digital backs, while offering resolutions that can triple that of the 1Ds Mark III, cost as much as seven times what the 1Ds Mark III would cost. For some photographers, that ultimate resolution is worth every penny. Others may find the cost prohibitive.

Tags: medium format, Canon Mark, digital backs, medium format, film cameras

Buy A Flatscreen Tv

If you're ready to say good-bye to your cathode ray tube (CRT) television then you need to arm yourself with the proper information needed to make a knowledgeable decision about buy a flat screen TV. You will need to decide between LCD or plasma flat screen TV. They may look similar, but their technologies are different. Follow these tips to help you select the best television for your needs.

Instructions

1. Decide if you want an plasma television. They tend to be larger beginning with a screen size of 42 inches, and they use phosphors to generate light. Plasma TVs are great for clear action sequences, but they can be prone to burn in if a still image is left on-screen for too long (like during long video game sequences). Newer plasma TVs have tools to prevent burn-in.

2. Know the basics of the technologies to make your decision for a LCD. These television typically begin around 15 inches and don't have as vivid contrasts between colors as a plasma television does. LCDs are slightly thicker than plasmas, but don't have a noisy cooling fan. Also, LCDs don't have burn in issues, but the picture can pixelate during fast action sequences in sports or movies.

3. Figure out the size flat screen TV you would like. You may do some room design and furniture rearranging. Size will be determined by the amount of space you have available.

4. Take along a DVD movie with some dimly lit scenes with you when you're shopping to help you buy a flat-screen TV that will meet your needs if you're planning on watching lot of movies. Your DVD of choice will let you compare black reproduction, which is important for dark scenes and picture clarity.

5. Decide the resolution you'd like. Resolutions for flat screen TVs are typically in four formats: 480i, 480p, 720p and 1080i. Also, search for televisions with optimal compatibility with future high-definition DVD players and HDTV turners. Select a flat screen TV with High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) or High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI).

6. Make sure there are enough video outputs to meet your needs and that they're also the right type for what you would like to use them for. Examples of video outputs include s-video, component-video and digital visual interface (DVI).

Tags: flat screen, your needs, action sequences, meet your, meet your needs

Deals On Direct Tv

DirecTV is a satellite-based premium television service. Like most television providers, DirecTV provides a number of different packages and deals that can be confusing for first-timers.

Function

DirectTV service comes from various satellites in a geo-stationary orbit (meaning that if the satellite is in space above the Statue of Liberty right now, it will always be in space over the Statue of Liberty). Its primary programming comes from the satellites at stations 101, 110 and 119, or in a roughly southern direction if you live in the United States. The programming is received via an 18-inch satellite dish (roughly the size of a large pizza) that is located on your property and belongs to you. In front of the satellite dish are somewhere between one and three small round white objects, called LNBs. These LNBs take the satellite signal and send it via coaxial wires to your television via a converter box, which is also provided by the company.

Misconceptions

While DirecTV and cable are considered to be interchangeable, given that they carry roughly the same programming, there are a variety of differences. The primary difference is that with cable you rent all the equipment that you need from the cable company, whereas with DirecTV you actually own your own equipment. Since DirecTV gives you most if not all equipment simply for signing up, this makes it somewhat cheaper over the long haul. In addition, you can still watch analog cable without a converter box, whereas on cable, all televisions must have a converter box.

Features

In terms of programming, DirecTV has more to offer than cable or its satellite competitor, Dish Network. All systems carry your basic local channels; the affiliates for NBC, ABC, FOX and so on, as well as the basic cable channels, such as CNN, ESPN, TBS and Nickelodeon and premium movie channels such as HBO and Showtime. However, DirecTV also offers a variety of other premium channels and packages, most notably in the area of sports. DirecTV has packages where you can watch every NFL, NHL, NBA, MLB and MLS game. You also receive every edition of local sports cable networks, such as Fox Sports Net and Comcast Sports Net. Finally, you can also receive both East Coast and West Coast editions of HBO and Showtime, giving you multiple opportunities to view movies and shows on those networks.

Significance

DirecTV is the only television system in the United States to offer the NFL Sunday Ticket, where you can receive every game, every week of the National Football League's regular season. It currently carries an exclusive license for this for the next several years, making it the satellite system's single biggest draw for new customers.

Benefits

DirecTV is cheaper than your average cable system, with basic packages starting around $30. Generally, if you are a new customer signing up, and the company will provide you not only with all the equipment you need but also with free installation. If you're a sports fan, sign up for the NFL Sunday Ticket, and the company will provide you with their premium package, where you receive nearly every channel the system has to offer. Other packages are available based on your television-watching needs, but you should make sure that anything you purchase comes with the free installation and free equipment.

Tags: also receive, channels such, comes from, company will, company will provide, every game

Nikon Digital Photography Tips

Photography basics include framing a photo.

Photography can be a complex and scientific hobby or profession. Learning frame shots, and adjust lighting and exposure can take practice. Nikon offers a range of cameras, from compact limited feature "point and shoot" cameras, to professional quality single-lens reflex cameras. The photographer using any of these cameras, however, should understand photography fundamentals, shooting techniques and the advantages of image editing software.

Photography Fundamentals

Nikon suggests learning the fundamental principles of photography to get the best photographs. Beginners should study topics such as using flash, choosing a memory card and holding the camera. For example, to avoid blurry photos, it is important to hold the camera steady by cradling the camera body with the left hand and gripping the handgrip of the camera with the right hand. Elbows should be out, forming a "T" position and one foot slightly in front of the body.

More advanced users should understand read a histogram, mix flash with natural light, control the ISO setting and depth of field. For example, boosting the ISO will increase the sensor's sensitivity to light. This helps in dark situations when the lens is already at its widest point and the shutter speed is letting in the maximum amount of light. Higher ISO, however, may generate grainy or "noisy" photos.

Nikon professionals Reed Hoffmann and Mark Alberhask recommend all photographers learn their subject. If they get closer to it, they will likely yield better photos. And, if they look into the viewfinder, rather than through the viewfinder, they will understand their subject better and what they want to capture.

Shooting Techniques

The technique in which a photograph is taken is what makes them unique. Everybody has a different perspective and visualizes a photo in their own way before they capture it. Composing an image takes exploration of the subject and environment. The challenge is to find a way to shoot the photo that will make the subject interesting to view later. Zooming in, getting closer to the subject, tilting the angle of the camera and reviewing the light on the subject can all have an effect on the image.

For example, to take a photo of leaves on a tree on a bright sunny day, the photographer can zoom in on a leaf while shooting into the light, rather than shooting the leaf with the light directed on it. This provides for a transparent and more interesting look. While shooting landscapes, photographers should use a wide-angle lens and ensure they have a clear view of what they want to capture. Additionally, landscapes are best shot when the sun is low in the sky, during sunrise or sunset. They add a more dramatic element to the image because the shadows add depth and dimension.

Editing Photos

Digital photography allows users to tweak the exposure, filter, lightness, tone, highlights and much more with photo editing software. Professional photographers consider post-production photo editing a critical part of the creative photography process, according to Nikon. Nikon cameras come with the Capture NX 2 image editing software.

With the software, users can remove unwanted objects from the photo, bring light into shadowing areas, increase contrast and more. The program allows users to adjust these characteristics in real time until they get the right look for the photo.

Tags: editing software, allows users, image editing, image editing software, photo editing, rather than

Things To Do With Laser Pointers

A laser pointer is a small device that shines a distinct spot of light onto the surface of an aimed-at point. It is usually small enough to fit on a key chain. Sometimes a laser pointer has the same design as a pen. It must be used cautiously, because direct contact with eyes could result in major damage to the retinas.

Lectures and Group Presentations

In group presentations, laser pointers are commonly used by professors or managers to highlight important words or objects that appear on a board or projection screen. As opposed to a long stick pointer or yard stick, a laser draws the audience's eyes to whatever it is highlighting. The red laser is the most effective color for keeping people's attention during lectures and group presentations.

Pet Toys

Animals' eyes are also attracted to the bright red dot of a laser pointer. Cats especially enjoy the thrill of pouncing on the dot. The laser pointer is safer than a string or thread because it does not contain anything that an animal can choke on. As long as the animal doesn't get frustrated when it discovers that it cannot actually catch the dot, it will be a fun game for you and your pet.

Pranks

One of the best ways to annoy a friend is to shine a laser pointer on his clothes. The friend will try to bat it away at first, until he realizes that it's a prank. If it's a pen-style laser pointer, you could trick a friend who thinks he's about to write something but instead gets a red dot of light on his pad of paper.

There are also laser pointers specifically designed for pranks. These have two buttons, one for the laser and another that will give the holder a little electric shock. If an unsuspecting friend uses the wrong button, you can gleefully laugh at her slight misfortune.

Tags: laser pointer, laser pointers

Ideas To Block The Sun From A Skylight

Several blocking options reduce light penetration through skylights.

If you're interested in adding both light and the illusion of space to your kitchen or bathroom, a skylight may be one of your options. Though skylights offer both function and style to your room, the occasional need for less light and heat penetration may cause frustration. Whether you are looking to install a skylight or hoping to treat an existing skylight, options for blocking sunlight offer solutions for varying styles and budgets.

Tinted Glass

Installing tinted glass in your skylight is a permanent solution that will give you limited light penetration. Bronze- or gray-tinted glass panes reduce the amount of light that would otherwise penetrate clear glass. Tinted glass is one of the preferred options for skylights installed in kitchens where sunlight exposure may damage natural wood cabinets, floors or countertops over time. For a more dramatic look, color-tinted glass in jewel tones like blue or green is also an option. It's best to choose the tinted glass before you install your sunlight replacing the glass pane in an existing window is one of the more costly options for homeowners who already have skylights.

Skylight Covers

Skylight covers are typically gray or bronze-tinted plastic or glass domes that fit over an existing skylight to reduce the amount of light penetration. People typically install skylight covers on the roofs of commercial buildings, though they are suitable for homes as well. Installing a skylight cover is much simpler than installing a new pane of glass in an existing skylight, and this often significantly reduces the price.

Skylight covers are available in many styles and profiles to fit both the size and shape of the skylight as well as the aesthetics of the home. Another benefit of skylight covers is that you can install them on the interior or exterior of a skylight. They are often removable so you can control when you want to allow full light penetration.

Skylight Shades

You may purchase special shades fitted to the size and angle of your skylight that offer room-darkening capabilities and UV-protection. Many of these shades are honeycomb-style shades that you control by using extra long cords accessible from the floor or by remote control. You can purchase skylight shades in many styles and colors to match your existing window treatments. Shades also offer a simple system for controlling light penetration to maintain proper room temperatures in your home.

Window Films

If you like the look and functionality of tinted glass but don't want to invest in a new pane for your existing skylight, consider applying a tinted window film that adheres to clear glass to offer light blocking. Tinted films are available in many colors to match or complement your design scheme. Though some tinted films come with do-it-yourself instructions, a professional installation reduces the risk of air pockets and folds in the film.

Tags: light penetration, existing skylight, amount light, available many, clear glass

Common Tivo Problems

TiVo is a popular tool that allows its customers to watch their favorite televised shows at their convenience. TiVo records live TV shows and movies so that viewers can pause, fast-forward and view their shows when they want to. With the TiVo device, there are a few problems that users may run into that taint their viewing experience.

Hardware Problems

Some TiVo users have reported random instances where the graphics get blurry or the picture goes black. Users who experience these glitches will often also report that the audio will randomly distort or not sync up with the video while watching both recorded and live TV. This is a sign that here has been some type of internal hardware failure and can be caused by extreme temperatures, the device being dropped or damaged, water being spilled on the device or faulty equipment. If this happens, there's little that you can do to fix the device besides taking it to a TiVo repair location to have the damaged parts replaced. You can order hard-drive replacement kits from certain websites and other specialty stores, but improper replacement of the hard drive can cause more damage to the device.

Another common TiVo problem is when the device is constantly searching for a satellite signal. If your device is unable to view any channels but you are able to watch recorded shows, try using the second satellite frequency. If the device is still unable to detect a satellite signal in an area that you have been able to use it in the past, then there's a high possibility that your satellite tuner has burned out. Most TiVo devices are built with two tuners so that when the first one burns out the user will have time to repair it without having to go without his device. TiVo satellite tuners can be changed by holding down the circular button on the device. TiVo satellite tuners can be fixed in store or repaired at home by ordering a TiVo tuner repair kit.

Modem Problems

Another common problem that TiVo users have is that the device will not display any guide data no matter how much time it's given to load. If this happens there is most likely a problem with the modem. Common modem problems involve improper dialing settings, bad modem cables, a defective modem or difficulties with the TiVo servers. Just like normal computer modems, sometimes resetting the modem will solve small problems. If this doesn't work, the modem will most likely need to be replaced.

Tags: Another common, device TiVo, device TiVo satellite, happens there, modem will, most likely, satellite signal

Take Better Photos

Take better photos with a little knowledge and practice.

With advances in technology, it is easier than ever to take better photos; yet, we need the right equipment and a little knowledge to make the most of our digital memories. Whether you're a beginner at taking photos or are rediscovering cameras in the digital age, keep a few basics in mind for the best shots.

Instructions

1. Buy a camera that is adequate for the job but not too advanced for your needs. If you choose a sophisticated digital camera with a steep learning curve, its many bells and whistles will simply get in the way. Look for essential features like autofocus. Read independent reviews for name brand cameras in your price range.

2. Learn about your camera by reading the manual and exploring the manufacturer website. An often overlooked way to take better photos is to understand the full potential of your camera. If your digital camera has modes for certain photo conditions such as low light or action shots, pay particular attention to these settings.

3. Steady your shots. The value of a tripod cannot be overemphasized. Inexpensive, lightweight tripods are widely available. Another way to take better photos, without blur, is to steady against a wall, hold your elbow with the opposite hand; breathe in and hold your breath while you shoot.

4. Focus on good lighting to take better photos. Lighting is one area worth investigating. Some basics include lighting the subject from behind the camera when possible and avoiding using a flash when conditions warrant. For smaller objects, purchase or learn make a do-it-yourself portable lighting studio for professional-looking results.

5. Avoid digital zoom as this degrades photo quality. When purchasing a camera, aim for the best optical zoom level you can afford.

6. Practice. Take photos of stationary and moving objects under varying light conditions. This points out areas you could use a little work in before an important photo opportunity comes up.

7. Use photo-enhancing software to improve your photos. Some of the easier applications include those that are packaged with the cameras, as well as Photoshop Elements and the less expensive Photobot.

8. Visit photography help websites for information on ISO speed, aperture, exposure and manual focus to increase your chances of producing a better photograph.

Tags: better photos, take better photos, digital camera, hold your, little knowledge, take better, take better

Set Up A Home Photo Studio

Strobe lights are used in home photo studios.

Many photo enthusiasts are interested in setting up a home photo studio. Some want a more suitable space for taking pictures of family and friends. Others want to earn extra income or have full-time occupation. Whatever the reason, you can set up a home studio with the right space, setup and equipment.

Instructions

1. Pick a room where you would set up your studio. It should be at least 8 feet wide, 12 feet long and 8 feet high. This is usually enough space to take individual shots and small group photos. This space can be your living room, guest room, garage or basement room.

2. Use existing light coming from a window in the room for "window light photography." Reflector boards are used to "bounce" more light to the subject when using window light. The advantage of this is that you get to use natural lighting without any cost. The disadvantage is that you are limited to take pictures only during specific time periods when enough light intensity comes from the window .

3. If you intend to use strobe lights over existing light, block the light from the window using thick drapes to prevent natural light in the room from mixing with artificial light from your flash strobe. This will also give you complete control in positioning your light to its desired intensity.

4. Hang your backgrounds on the wall using pins or a hanging rod. A plain white and a plain black background are essential. You can also create your own "artistic" backgrounds by painting or dying plain-colored fabrics. Assorted backgrounds can be ordered on the Internet.

5. Set up at least three lights, commonly called a light kit, for your home studio: the main light, the fill-in light and the back light. Place the main light and fill-in light on opposite sides across the room, about six feet from your subject. The back light should light the background from about four feet. Take test shots, and adjust your lighting positions to your desired effects. Always mount your SLR camera on a tripod to produce sharply focused photos.

6. Collect posing furniture and props gradually. You should have a few sitting stools and kids' toys, such as teddy bears and dolls, to start with. Later, add new posing furniture and props to increase variety in your pictures.

Tags: from window, back light, existing light, fill-in light, from your, furniture props, home studio

How Do Transformers Work

How Do Transformers Work?

What are Transformers Used For?

For the most part, the biggest application for transformers in contemporary society is their ability to boost the voltage of an electrical current so that it can be transmitted over long distances. Without the ability to do this, to amplify the voltage of an electrical current, power plants would have to be built on a much more local level to be able to provide adequate power, and it would be uneconomical to provide electrical power to more remote locations or small communities.

How Do Transformers Work?

Transformers work by transferring electrical current via circuits, and amplifying the voltage of that electrical current in the process. Essentially, the principle is that all electrical currents create magnetic fields and that these magnetic fields, when altered, can induce a greater voltage in the electrical current. As the electrical current is run from one circuit in the transformer to the next, the magnetic field is altered and this ramps up the voltage of the current.

What Kinds of Transformers Exist?

There are many forms of transformers in the modern world, with more and more applications being conceived for them every day. They can be as small as a marble or as large as a house, simply depending on their application. As mentioned previously, the majority of transformers are used to maintain an alternating current electrical power grid for society, but they are also used in everyday electronics and in more complex technology. Transformers can be found in everything from microphones to space shuttles.

Tags: electrical current, voltage electrical, voltage electrical current, current electrical, electrical power, magnetic fields, that electrical

Install A Microsoft Powerpoint Slide Show

Install a Microsoft PowerPoint Slide Show

PowerPoint slide shows provide a dynamic presentation of information in a digital format. Recipients of ".ppt" or ".pptx" files no longer need to have the PowerPoint application installed to run a slide show. Microsoft provides a free PowerPoint Viewer application to display presentations. Creators of PowerPoint slides can also convert a presentation to advance slides automatically as a slide show, generating a file with a ".pps" extension. Download the PowerPoint Viewer application and launch a .pps file to install a running slide show.

Instructions

PowerPoint Viewer

1. Open your browser and access the PowerPoint Viewer download page from the Microsoft Download Center (see Resources section). Click the "Download" button.

2. Save the program file when prompted by the dialog box.

3. Double-click the downloaded file to install the application to your "Program Files" folder.

4. Right-click the presentation file (containing the file extension ".ppt," ".pptx" or ".pps"), select "Open With" and choose the "PowerPoint Viewer" application.

5. Use the left and right arrow keys to view the slide show in the Viewer, if automatic slide transitions were not specified in the original document. Press the "Esc" key to exit the Viewer and close the slide show.

Set Up Slide Show

6. Launch PowerPoint and open your desired presentation file by selecting "Open" under the Office ribbon, selecting the file and clicking the "Open" button. PowerPoint Mac, 2002 and 2003 users can select this option under "File" in the top menu bar.

7. Click the center button on the bottom toolbar to view the slides as thumbnail images in "Slide Sorter View" (button contains an icon with four squares). PowerPoint Mac, 2002 and 2003 have this set of buttons located on the lower left; in PowerPoint 2007, these buttons are located on the lower right.

8. Press and hold the "Control" key and then press the "A" key to select all slides in the presentation.

9. Select the "Animations" tab and select a desired transition effect. Note: PowerPoint 2002 and 2003 users can access the "Slide Transition" option under "Slide Show" in the top menu bar.

10. Click the box next to "On mouse click" under the section "Advance slide" to deselect this option.

11. Click the box next to "Automatically after" under the "Advance slide" section and select the number of seconds that each slide will be displayed.

12. Click the "Apply to All Slides" button.

13. Save your presentation by clicking the "Save" icon above the top menu bar or toolbar.

14. Export your slide presentation as a slide show by selecting "Save As" under the Office ribbon and selecting the "PowerPoint Show" option. PowerPoint Mac, 2002 and 2003 users can select this function under "File" in the top menu bar.

15. Type the desired file name and click the "Save" button.

16. Double-click the PowerPoint slide show created in Step 10 to open the presentation. The slide show will automatically play on the default PowerPoint application or PowerPoint Viewer program installed on the computer.

Tags: PowerPoint Viewer, 2002 2003, PowerPoint 2002, PowerPoint 2002 2003, 2002 2003 users, 2003 users, PowerPoint Viewer application

How 35mm Cameras Work

How 35mm Cameras Work

Use It

35mm cameras are named for the type of film they use---35mm; also called "135 film," it measures 35mm in width. 135 film comes housed in a light-proof, cylindrical case and generally contains enough length for 36, 24, or 12 exposures, with each exposure measuring 24mm x 36mm.

A button or release, typically on the side of the camera, opens up the film compartment. Insert the 35mm film canister into the grooved cavity, feed some film across the shutter and into the opposite side, and close up the compartment. Wind the "film advance lever" (if your camera has one) and you're ready to shoot.

How it Works

When you look through the viewfinder of a camera, the image that you see is the result of light being filtered through the lens. Inside the lens, glass elements focus the light into a tiny beam that shines into the camera. The beam of light strikes an angled mirror, reflecting upward and through a prism that filters it into a viewable image for the viewfinder.

When you press the shutter-release button to take a picture, it activates a rapid series of events within the camera. First, a device within the lens, called an "aperture," partially closes to control the amount of light that enters the camera, preventing "overexposure" of the film. Next, the angled mirror lifts out of the way, creating a short moment of darkness within the viewfinder. Then the shutter quickly opens and closes, briefly exposing the film to the light. The mirror and aperture then return to their normal positions.

As light hits the film, it activates a "silver halide salt" coating, converting it into metallic silver, which forms an inverse of the image upon the film (the picture is reversed to its proper form when transferred from film to photo paper). In color film, dyes within the silver salt are activated to create the coloration.

Different Types

35mm cameras come in many different styles---however, most fall into one of two categories: point-and-shoot or SLR. The physics of operation are almost identical between the two. The main difference is the amount of control afforded the photographer.

Point and Shoot

A point-and-shoot 35mm camera works just how it sounds: You point it at something and take a picture. These cameras are usually fully automatic and do not require you to wind the film or focus the lens. When you take a picture, the camera automatically chooses an aperture setting, or "f-stop," and "shutter speed" (determines how long the shutter stays open), depending on light conditions. However, the range of f-stops and shutter speeds in a point-and-shoot are usually quite limited. Many of these types of cameras come with a flash to aid the limited aperture and shutter in low-light conditions.

SLR

An SLR (Single Lens Reflex) camera gives the photographer more control over the aperture and shutter, as well as the ability to manually adjust the focus. You can set the shutter speed at a number of different settings, controlling how long the film is exposed. You can also adjust the size of the aperture by changing the f-stop, although the amount of available f-stop settings depends on the type of lens. By adjusting both the shutter speed and aperture you can control the exposure and contrast of your picture. Most SLRs have a light meter inside the viewfinder to help find the right setting. An SLR may also use a flash, but with the extra amount of control, it is not needed as often as in a point-and-shoot. Most modern SLRs include both manual and automatic settings.

Tags: shutter speed, take picture, 35mm Cameras, 35mm cameras, 35mm Cameras Work, amount control, angled mirror

Revive A Dead Car Battery

Revive a Dead Car Battery

Car batteries are not invincible. In fact, car batteries can die for any number of reasons: corrosion, intense heat or cold, age, a short circuit or headlights accidentally left burning. If you have a dead car battery, reviving it is a fairly simple process. For a complete revival, however, you need to set aside several hours for the battery charger to do its work. Once it has been sufficiently charged, your car battery should be like new again.

Instructions

Before You Charge a Dead Battery

1. Clean the case of the battery with an old rag or cloth. If the battery is caked in dirt or grease, it will be more prone to gather moisture and discharge at a faster rate.

2. Clean the posts using a battery post and terminal cleaning tool. Brush the posts until they're clean. Also brush the terminals on the car to ensure they're clean as well. If you don't own a cleaning tool, a wire brush will suffice.

3. Check the electrolyte levels in your car battery. Simply pry the caps off the top of the battery and look inside. If the cells are dry, replenish them with distilled water. Add enough water so that the bottom of the vent walls inside the battery are covered. If you own a maintenance-free car battery, you will not be able to add water because the battery is sealed.

Reviving Your Dead Battery

4. Ensure that your battery charger is unplugged and turned off. Then connect the positive, red clip to the positive ( + ) battery post. If you still have the battery connected to the car, you should connect the negative, black clip of the charger to an unpainted solid metal piece, such as a bolt or bracket, within the engine compartment. If you've removed the battery, go ahead and connect the negative clip to the negative post on the car battery.

5. Set your charger to the proper voltage and desired amperage. The voltage should be set at 12 volts for a car battery. For a dead battery, you'll want to set your amperage fairly low in order to slow-charge the battery. A setting of 2 to 4 amps should be sufficient. If your car battery charger does not have variable settings for voltage and amperage, don't worry. Simply proceed to Step 3.

6. Turn your battery charger to the "On" position and plug its cord into a nearby electrical outlet.

7. Wait. For a dead battery that must be completely revived, you might need to allow several hours for a complete charge. Check in on the battery throughout the charging period. Your charger should have an indicator light or gauge which tells you when the battery has a full charge. If you have an automatic charger, it should turn off by itself once the battery has been fully charged.

8. Unplug your car battery charger once the battery has been fully charged. Turn off the power switch and disconnect the clips, starting with the negative clip first. Your car battery should be fully revived.

Tags: battery charger, your battery, your battery charger, battery been, battery been fully

Watch Tv When Camping

Watch TV while camping.

When camping, you usually don't lug along your flat-screen television, portable generator and satellite system from home. However, going camping doesn't mean you need to completely abandon all TV service. With a portable hand-held TV, it is possible to pick up local broadcasts of networks such as CBS, NBC, FOX, ABC and PBS, allowing you to watch TV while camping. The reception quality will depend on where in the country you are located.

Instructions

1. Put fresh batteries in your hand-held TV. Batteries only last a few hours in a portable TV (due to the amount of energy it takes to keep the screen and reception running). Using fresh batteries gives you several hours of life, however it is a good idea to keep spares on you, too.

2. Fully extend the antenna on the hand-held TV and turn the power on. This increases the range of the TV's signal.

3. Head to a clearing to find the best signal. Trees often block out the signal, making it hard to receive any picture at all.

4. Move the antenna around until you find a suitable signal quality. Sit still with the TV so you don't interrupt the signal.

Tags: fresh batteries, while camping

Alternative Communication Devices

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices provide a means of communication for those typically unable to express themselves verbally. These devices are designed for individuals with a variety of conditions, ranging from autism to Parkinson's disease. Depending on the diagnosis, the type of AAC varies, each approaching the challenge of communication with a unique solution.

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) devices are perhaps the most easily used, though also restrictive of the AAC devices. They typically come in the form of hand-held tablets with an array of pictures across the front panel. When pressed, these pictures trigger a recording meant to communicate specific ideas. For instance, a picture of a dog can be pressed, which in turn plays the phrase, "I want to play with the dog." Often food items, hygienic needs and other essentials are included in the array. PECS are generally intended for proverbial children, often with autism. Although some parents are hesitant to use the devices, worried that the PECS will stunt the growth of normal communication, research has shown that PECS actually encourage children to speak and earn the rewards of using words.

Text to Speech (TTS)

For individuals who can type, a more dynamic form of AAC is provided by Text to Speech (TTS) devices. These receive input from keyboards and output a digitized approximation of the words typed. While PECS devices are restricted to the phrases preprogrammed into the buttons, a TTS device can conceivably communicate anything. In addition to hand-held devices, TTS services can easily be accessed through online applications or even installed onto mobile devices or laptops, making this technology highly accessible without the need for specialized electronics.

TTY Telephones

If an individual can still speak but has trouble with certain phrases or suffers from bouts of poor speech control, a TTY telephone can be an ideal solution for phone calls. While the user has the option to simply speak, if the listener on the other end of the line has trouble understanding particular words, the user can type them into a keyboard, prompting the TTY telephone to digitally speak that word. This combination of spoken with typed phrase allows users to communicate with greater comfort if they prefer speaking to typing.

Tags: Alternative Communication, Communication System, Communication System PECS, Exchange Communication, Exchange Communication System

Use Opteka Semifisheye Lens

To create an image with a dramatic flair, try a fish-eye lens if you're not afraid to mess around with your camera. These lenses take a 180 degree (or higher) angle of view and compress it into a circle that fits within your camera's digital sensor, producing an effect akin to a fish looking at its subject -- "fisheye." With the Opteka semi-fisheye lens, you can easily convert your existing lens with a 52mm front filter thread, giving your images a bold new look.

Instructions

1. Attach a lens with a 52mm front filter thread to the camera if no lens came permanently installed. If you do not know the size of your front filter thread, you can check it at the link in the Resources section of this article.

2. Remove any filters already attached to the lens by unscrewing them in a counter-clockwise direction.

3. Screw the Opteka semi-fisheye lens into place with a clockwise motion. Start carefully to make sure you do not cross-thread the lens and front filter thread, as this makes for a very difficult repair.

4. Look through the viewfinder. If using a camera with a through-the-lens viewfinder, like a DSLR, you'll see the effect immediately. If using a point-and-shoot camera or a camera without a through-the-lens viewfinder, take a photograph and then look at the image on the digital preview screen to see the effect.

5. Shoot as your normally would. The lens requires no exposure compensation. Don't forget to experiment to find the best way to use your fish-eye lens artistically.

Tags: filter thread, front filter, front filter thread, 52mm front, 52mm front filter, fish-eye lens

Download Pictures From Digital Camera To Pc

Digital cameras are becoming very popular. Downloading them to your PC is easy so that you can print your pictures at home. By following a few simple instructions, your at home prints will rival those from the photographer's studio.

Instructions

1. Install on your computer the software that came with your digital camera.

2. Connect your camera to your computer using the USB cable that came with your camera. You must have a USB port to download pictures to your computer.

3. Choose the folder where you want your pictures downloaded. The computer will choose the "My Pictures" folder by default unless you want them in a different folder.

4. Preview the pictures. You can delete any you don't like or want. Make sure to delete them off your camera as well or the next time you download that picture will downloaded again.

5. Select a picture and print. Some software will let you put borders and cute sayings on your pictures. Have fun with it.

Tags: your camera, your computer, your pictures, came with, came with your, that came, that came with

Take Apart And Put Together An Otterbox Defender Case For Iphone

With OtterBox, your iPhone can withstand just about any kind of punishment.

OtterBox iPhone Defender cases provide an incredibly high level of protection for your iPhone. OtterBox cases feature three levels of protection: a screen cover, a hard plastic shell that wraps around the body of your iPhone, and a rubber shell that wraps around the hard plastic shell. A Defender case is an effective means of keeping your iPhone out of harm's way.The only downside is that although these cases are easy to put on your iPhone, they can be a bear to remove.

Instructions

Put OtterBox on iPhone

1. Clean your iPhone with a soft, silk cloth. Also use the cloth to clean and dust off the screen on the plastic shell of the OtterBox.

2. Set your iPhone inside of the lip on the bottom of the plastic OtterBox shell. The lip on the bottom of the plastic OtterBox shell will also have two holes at the bottom that line up with the speakers on the bottom of the iPhone.

3. Slide the bottom part of the other section of the plastic shell onto the upper part of the lip. Press the shell into place so that the seven points where the shell snaps into place are locked in.

4. Wrap the rubber shell around the plastic shell you just snapped on. Fit the little rubber pieces on the sides into their respective holes in the plastic shell. Make sure the rubber bump for the power button is situated correctly.

Remove OtterBox from iPhone

5. Pull each of the rubber nubs connected to the plastic shell surrounding your iPhone out very carefully so you don't tear them off. Gently position your fingernails under the rubber skin and start to separate it from the plastic shell. Work your fingers around to either the top or the bottom of your iPhone so you can lift up on the rubber shell and pull it over either the top or bottom of your iPhone and remove it completely.

6. Wedge a butter knife or a letter opener beneath the top left plastic case connector. Place one of your fingernails or a butter knife or a letter opener under the plastic case connector on the top of the iPhone. Gently start to pull the connectors away from the phone. The connectors will eventually become disconnected, and you will be able to loosen the other connectors more easily. Eventually you will be able to remove the part of the plastic case without the lip.

7. Remove your iPhone from the lip of the plastic case that is holding it.

Tags: your iPhone, plastic shell, plastic case, rubber shell, bottom plastic, bottom plastic OtterBox, bottom your

Use Underwater Cameras For Fishing

Underwater cameras are a relatively new tool in the fisherman's arsenal. The cameras can provide an immediate view of what is going on under the water and what fish are in the area. While they have been more commonly used by ice fishermen, they are gaining the attention of summer anglers. Laws vary as to the legality of using an underwater camera while fishing. Check local regulations before using.

Instructions

Using an Underwater Camera for Fishing

1. Scout for a good fishing location. Underwater cameras will show the fisherman what type of structure exists underwater and what fish inhabit them. Obviously fishing where the fish are improves the likelihood of catching fish. Knowing what structure exists will help determine the bait and presentation for the fishing effort.

This type of scouting can be done while not actively fishing. Use a handheld global positioning system to note the exact location of locations on the lake or river that holds promise for future fishing trips. This may be the only way to make use of an underwater camera in areas that prohibit the use of the cameras while fishing.

2. Watch the fish as they react to baits and lures. An underwater camera can tell the fisherman if he is not catching any fish because he is in fishless water or because the fish have decided to ignore his bait. The distance visible will vary with the clearness of the water. According to the website Outdoor.com, some particularly clear waters allow the camera to see fish and objects up to 40 feet away where particularly murky waters may only offer visibility of one or two feet.

3. Enjoy the underwater world. Outdoor.com suggests an underwater camera will help hold the attention of children during a fishing trip. Other uses include monitoring the lake bottom and occasionally finding some lost item.

An underwater camera can also help backup some of the proverbial fish stories about the one that got away. A video, shot from the underwater angle, of a fish battling the angler can make an additional trophy from a fishing trip. Make sure the fishing line doesn't get tangled in the camera cable.

Tags: underwater camera, catching fish, fishing trip, structure exists, underwater camera

Locate A Friend With Google Latitude

Google Latitude is a free mobile GPS service that allows friends and family members to quickly and conveniently check in at locations on a map. On most smartphone devices, it is a built-in feature in the Google Maps application. The Latitude feature in Google Maps is available for the following mobile device platforms: Android, BlackBerry, Symbian S60 and Windows Mobile. It is also available on the iPhone and iPod Touch as a web-based mobile application.

Instructions

Join Google Latitude

1. Open the Google Maps application on your mobile device.

2. Press the Menu icon on your Android phone, then choose "Join Latitude." On BlackBerry, Windows Mobile or Symbian S60 devices, select "Latitude" from the main application menu.

3. Agree to the Google privacy policy when prompted. You will only be asked to accept or reject the policy the first time accessing Latitude.

Add Friends

4. Select the Menu icon, then touch "Add friends."

5. Touch "Select from Contacts" or "Add via email address" to add a friend. Google may suggest a friend for you to add under the "Suggested friends" section.

6. Choose your friends from a list or type their email address. When done, touch the "Add friends" button.

7. Select "Yes" when the "Send sharing requests" dialog box appears.

View Your Friends

8. Open the Google Maps application. If you have previously added friends and accepted your invitation, then their pictures will automatically populate on the map.

9. Touch your friend's picture. This lets you view their profile and location.

10. Select the Menu icon, then touch "Latitude." From the Latitude menu, you are shown a list of your friends. Touching a name takes you to a friend's profile, revealing his current location.

Tags: Google Maps, Google Latitude, Google Maps application, Maps application, Menu icon, email address, feature Google

See All The Weather Animations On An Htc Touch Pro

Cell phone users who choose the HTC Touch Pro smartphone enjoy an intuitive and powerful device that delivers connectivity and information at the touch of a finger. The HTC Touch Pro provides up-to-date weather information automatically, giving the user current temperature, weather conditions and weather predictions. The HTC Touch Pro also puts on an impressive show with its weather icons, indicating sunny, cloudy, stormy and snowy conditions by animated icons on the touch screen. See all the weather animations on an HTC Touch Pro with a simple command on the touch screen.

Instructions

1. Touch your finger to the tabs at the bottom of the home screen, navigating to the left or right to find the weather icon (it looks like a yellow sun with a cloud partially covering it). Stop moving your finger when you find the weather icon and tap it lightly to select it.

2. Tap your finger once to the left of the word "Weather" at the top of the touch screen. Tap your finger once immediately to the right of the word "Weather" at the top of the touch screen.

3. Watch the LCD screen as the HTC Touch Pro begins cycling through each of the weather animations on the screen. You will see a sun, clouds moving over a moon, snowflakes, raindrops, and thunder and lightning. Finally, a windshield wiper will wipe across the screen to remove the rain.

4. Repeat the cycle through the weather animations by tapping your finger to the left and right of the word "Weather" again.

Tags: your finger, touch screen, weather animations, word Weather, find weather