The eye is arguably the most important of the human sense organs. The eye takes in light and allows us to interpret color, shape, size and movement of the objects that surround us.
A human eye
Cornea and Lens
The cornea is the clear covering of the iris and pupil, through which light initially passes. Once light has gone through the cornea and pupil, it travels to the strong, flexible tissue known as the lens. The lens is able to change its shape in order to bend the light and better focus on objects in the visual field.
Vitreous Humor
The vitreous humor is a clear jelly-like substance that makes up approximately 80 percent of the volume in each eye. Light passes through the vitreous humor to get to the retina.
Retina
After passing through the vitreous humor, light finally hits the retina, which constitutes the lining over the back of the eye and is where the light (and the image captured) is projected.
Rods and Cones
Rods and cones are photosensitive cells located in the retina that are responsible for the interpretation of different types of stimuli. Rod cells (which greatly outnumber cone cells) respond to conditions of dim light. Cone cells deal more with the interpretation of color stimuli.
Optic Nerve
The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve axons that transmit the information gathered by the eye to the occipital lobe of the brain. Where the optic nerve enters the retina is the "blind spot."
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