Photography basics include framing a photo.
Photography can be a complex and scientific hobby or profession. Learning frame shots, and adjust lighting and exposure can take practice. Nikon offers a range of cameras, from compact limited feature "point and shoot" cameras, to professional quality single-lens reflex cameras. The photographer using any of these cameras, however, should understand photography fundamentals, shooting techniques and the advantages of image editing software.
Photography Fundamentals
Nikon suggests learning the fundamental principles of photography to get the best photographs. Beginners should study topics such as using flash, choosing a memory card and holding the camera. For example, to avoid blurry photos, it is important to hold the camera steady by cradling the camera body with the left hand and gripping the handgrip of the camera with the right hand. Elbows should be out, forming a "T" position and one foot slightly in front of the body.
More advanced users should understand read a histogram, mix flash with natural light, control the ISO setting and depth of field. For example, boosting the ISO will increase the sensor's sensitivity to light. This helps in dark situations when the lens is already at its widest point and the shutter speed is letting in the maximum amount of light. Higher ISO, however, may generate grainy or "noisy" photos.
Nikon professionals Reed Hoffmann and Mark Alberhask recommend all photographers learn their subject. If they get closer to it, they will likely yield better photos. And, if they look into the viewfinder, rather than through the viewfinder, they will understand their subject better and what they want to capture.
Shooting Techniques
The technique in which a photograph is taken is what makes them unique. Everybody has a different perspective and visualizes a photo in their own way before they capture it. Composing an image takes exploration of the subject and environment. The challenge is to find a way to shoot the photo that will make the subject interesting to view later. Zooming in, getting closer to the subject, tilting the angle of the camera and reviewing the light on the subject can all have an effect on the image.
For example, to take a photo of leaves on a tree on a bright sunny day, the photographer can zoom in on a leaf while shooting into the light, rather than shooting the leaf with the light directed on it. This provides for a transparent and more interesting look. While shooting landscapes, photographers should use a wide-angle lens and ensure they have a clear view of what they want to capture. Additionally, landscapes are best shot when the sun is low in the sky, during sunrise or sunset. They add a more dramatic element to the image because the shadows add depth and dimension.
Editing Photos
Digital photography allows users to tweak the exposure, filter, lightness, tone, highlights and much more with photo editing software. Professional photographers consider post-production photo editing a critical part of the creative photography process, according to Nikon. Nikon cameras come with the Capture NX 2 image editing software.
With the software, users can remove unwanted objects from the photo, bring light into shadowing areas, increase contrast and more. The program allows users to adjust these characteristics in real time until they get the right look for the photo.
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